BUGGE

bugge, sophus (1833-1907), norwegian philologist, was born at laurvik, norway, on the 5th of january 1833. he was educated at christiania, copenhagen and berlin, and in 1866 he became professor of comparative philology and old norse at christiania university. in addition to collecting norwegian folk-songs and traditions, and writing on runic inscriptions, he made considerable contributions to the study of the celtic, romance, oscan, umbrian and etruscan languages. he was the author of a very large number of books on philology and folklore. his principal work, a critical edition of the elder edda (_norroen fornkvoedi_), was published at christiania in 1867. he maintained that the songs of the _edda_ and the earlier sagas were largely founded on christian and latin tradition imported into scandinavian literature by way of england. his writings also include _gamle norske folkeviser_ (1858), a collection of old norse folk-songs; _bidrag til den aeldste skaldedigtnings historie_ (christiania, 1894); _helge-digtene i den aeldre edda_ (copenhagen, 1896, eng. trans., _the home of the eddic poems_, 1899); _norsk sagafortaelling op sagaskrivning i island_ (christiania, 1901), and various books on runic inscriptions. he died on the 8th of july 1907. for a further list of his works see j.b. halvorsen, _norsk forfatter-lexikon_, vol. i. (christiania, 1885).