YAP

this island of the caroline group, formerly owned by germany, is situated in the pacific ocean, south of japan and east of the philippines, and north of the equator, in latitude 9.35 north, longitude, 138.15 east. it has an estimated population of 7,155, almost entirely of malay origin. the importance of yap arises from its cable connections, since it is a station on the direct line from the united states to the dutch east indies via guam, while another cable runs from yap to shanghai. on may 7 1910, japan was given a mandate over the islands north of the equator previously owned by germany, including yap. the u.s. govt. protested, and asked for a reopening of the subject on the ground that at the peace conference it had reserved the right to object to exclusive control of the cable landings by japan and taken the position that the island should be internationalised for cable purposes. t'urther, it was contended, the united states, not having ratified the treaty of versailles, was not bound. the supreme council of the allies expressed its inability to reopen the matter. the controversy was finally disposed of at the washington conference, dec. 12 1921, by an agreement between the two powers, wherein the united states recognised the japanese mandate and japan agreed that the united states should have free access to the island on a footing of entire equality with japan or any other nation in respect to the yap-guam cable and any other cables which might be laid by the united states or its nationals, and also similar rights and privileges in regard to radio-telegraphic service. the united states was also granted free entry and exit for persons and property. the u.s. senate ratified the convention embodying this agreement march 1 1922. (see wasilngton conference.) yarmouth, england (see 28.905), the jargest herring fishery port, with numerous curing and brewing establishments, had a population of 60,700 in 1921 (39,724 in yarmouth, 20,391 in gorleston and 585 in runham vauxhall), and an area of 3,598 acres. a comprchensive town plan has been prepared. the par- ish of southtown was formed from that of gorleston in rgr1r. the esplanade has been extended one-fourth of a mile northwards, and the north denes estate of 46 ac. was in process of develop- ment in 1925. the pavilion on the britannia pier was burnt down in i910, but has been rebuilt to seat 1,400, and a large bathing-pool was opened in 1922. an art school was opened in 1913. the east anglian school for blind and deaf children was opened at gorleston in 1911, and melton lodge, on the marine parade, as a home for ex-service men’s children in 19213 a chil- dren’s ward was added to the general hospital as a memorial to king edward vii., and in ro21 a war memorial monolith was erected in st. george’s park. in ror2 the powers of the port and haven commissioners over the water area of the harbour, and of the corporation over the wharves were transferred to an enlarged harbour commission. since then the quays have been extended. there is a new trawl market to the north of the fish wharf, with offices. an export quay, 750 ft. long, has been built to the south of the trinity maga- zine, making a total of 23,400 ft. of quayage in the port. yeats, william butler (1865- ), irish author (see 28.909). in 1907 was published vol. 5 of plays for an irish theatre, containing deirdre. in 1907 discoveries, a volume of essays, appeared. in 1908 appeared a verse play, the golden helmet, poetry and ireland,(essays by yeats and lionel johnson) and the unicorn from the siars and other plays by yeats and lady gregory. the green helmet, and other poems were published in 1910, and in 1911, synge and the ircland of his time, in 1912 the cutting of an agate (essays); in 1913 poems written in discouragement; in 1914 a volume of poems, responsibilities; and in rors a prose book, reveries over childhood and youth. in 1916 a poem, easter r916 appeared and also hight poems; 1917, the wild swans at coole, other verses and a play in verse; 1918, nine poems and per amica silentia lunae, (essays); 1919, two plays for dancers; 1920 michael robaries and the dancer; 1921 four plays for dancers and a prose book four years; 1922, later poems, and in the same year the player queen, plays in prose and verse, seven poems and a fragment, 1i2zo0 and the trembling of the veil (prose). the cat and the moon (a play and poems) was published in 1924. the early poetry of yeats showed traces of the influence of shelley, william morris and sir samuel ferguson, but even through this influence a very original imagination was already apparent. he became more fully himself in the wanderings of oisin (1889), and in the wind among the recds (1809), all early influences had finally vanished. in this he appears the self-conscious and fastidious artist, and so remains. the later verse is more intellectual and in contrast to the richly coloured poetry of his youth there is in it a finer sense of the beauty to be revealed by bare words. mr. yeats is the pivot around which anglo-irish literature has turned from crudity and a rather facile energy to subtlety and self-conscious art. [ie was awarded the nobel prize for literature in 1924. (s: 1; nl)