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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1926)",
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    "chunk_id": "1926:edinburgh:6d06b41bbaf6",
    "title": "EDINBURGH",
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    "verified_text": "by the passage of the edinburgh boundaries extension act of 1920 edinburgh became, as regards area, the second largest city in great britain. this was through an amalgamation with leith, and the absorption of the suburban districts of liberton, colinton, corstorphine and cramond. the municipal area was increased from 10,597 to 32,402 ac., and the population in 1921 was 420,264. the number of munic- ipal wards was increased from 16 to 23, and the number of members of the city council from §50 to 71, made up of three representatives of each ward in addition to the two ex-officio members, the dean of guild and the convener of the trades. the four leith wards form the parliamentary division of leith, and the four suburban wards are in the northern division of midlo- thian and peebles. in 1917 the corporation agreed to purchase the plant of the edinburgh tramway co. for £50,000, and the transfer took place in july 1o19, at the expiry of the company’s lease. the work of replacing the system of cable cars was begun in 1910. a tramway extension to south queensferry and port edgar was sanctioned by the council in 1917. the most important addition to the public parks was the establishment, by the zoological society of scotland, in conjunction with the town council, of a zoological park at corstorphine hill, opened in july 1913. the site, which extends to 74 ac., was purchased by the town council and leased to the society. large corporation markets and slaughter houses were opened in tg10, and in march 1914 the usher hall, bequeathed to the city in 1898 by mr. andrew usher, was completed and opened. additions to the public memorials in the city include the black watch memorial (1910); a statue of dr. guthrie (1910); a life-size statue of thomas carlyle, presented to the national gallery by lord rosebery in 1916; the gladstone memorial (i917); and the edward vii. memorial in front of holyrood palace. in 1913 lord rosebery presented to the city the historic house in the lawnmarket, known as lady stair’s house; and in 1920 the birthplace of robert louis stevenson, 8, howard place, was purchased as a memorial by the r. l. stevenson club. in 1911 the king and queen dedicated the new chapel of the order 920 of the thistle, in st. giles’ cathedral. the new freemasons’ hall was opened in the same year. the western spires of st. mary’s cathedral, carrying out the original plan of sir gilbert scott, were completed and dedicated in 1915 and 1017. the national museum of antiquities, which was used by the timber control during the world war, and the national portrait gallery have been reconstructed. a scottish war memorial will be erected at the castle. in 1924 a new wing of the university buildings was opened. a scheme for a new dock at leith, to the north of the edinburgh dock was prepared at the end of 1924, and a quay, 1,000 ft. long, was built in the outer harbour. since the residence of the king and queen at holyrood in 1923 many decorative and domestic improvements have been made there. during the world war the proximity of edinburgh to queens- ferry and port edgar and the great battle cruiser and destroyer base in the firth of forth gave it strategic importance in the naval operations, and its position as the headquarters of the scottish command made it a centre of military organisation. preparations for defence against an invasion by sea were made in its vicinity as in other coastal districts, but no serious anti- aircraft protection was given until after a zeppelin raid, on april 2 1916, in which 10 people were killed and 11 seriously injured, and damage was done to warehouses, private houses and public buildings. (oy jr. a}",
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