CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

the grounds of the university of chicago increased between 1908 and 1925 from 60 to 100 ac. so that the university’s holdings occupied both sides of the midway plaisance continuously for three-quarters of a mile. new buildings were erected, at an aggregate cost of $2,000,000, for a general library (william rainey harper mem- orial), for classics, for geology and geography (julius rosenwald hall), for pathology (howard taylor ricketts laboratory), and for a women’s gymnasium, refectory and clubhouse (ida noyes hall). in 1916-7, funds amounting to $5,461,000 were secured for the development of the medical work of the university, and arrangements were made for co-operation with the presbyterian hospital, the otho s. a. sprague memorial institute and the mccormick memorial institute. a graduate school of social service administration, continuing and developing the work previously done by the chicago school of civics and philan- thropy, was added to the schools by the university in 1920. upon the entrance of the united states into the world war, the president placed the resources of the university at the dis- posal of the govt. and led a political and philanthropic mission to persia in 1918-9. in all, 4,355 members of the university, in- cluding students, alumni and members of the faculties, were in the service of the govt.; 70 of these gave their lives for their country. between 1908 and 1920 the university’s total resources more than doubled, and on june 30 1922 exceeded $50,000,000. upon the retirement of president judson in february 1923, prof. ernest dewitt burton became president. he immediately carried through the northern baptist convention a change in chicherin—child labour and child welfare the university’s charter, increasing the number of trustees from 2i to 25, the proportion of baptists becoming three-fifths in- stead of two-thirds, and abolishing the requirement that the president should bea baptist. in his brief administration (1923-5) president burton vigorously carried forward the organisation of the medical school and the erection of buildings previously projected. the consolidation of the rush medical college with the university was effected in 1924, and the rawson clinical laboratory was erected on its site adjoining the presbyterian hospital. in 1925 the erection of the medical school, the billings hospital and the epstein dispensary, costing over $4,000,000, was begun. in 1924-6 the theology building and the joseph bond chapel of the divinity school were erected at a cost of $600,000. the whitman laboratory of experimental biology was built in rg25. [president burton resurveyed the needs of the university and set in motion large plans for its further development. as the first step the university undertook to secure $17,500,000 in 1925, and this fund was nearly half raised when he died, may 26 1925. prof. max mason was appointed to succeed him in august. the libraries of the university contained in 1925 nearly 1,000,000 volumes and pamphlets. the university press, the first to be organised under university ownership in the united states, publishes from 30 to 60 books annually, and 12 scientific journals. beginning in 1914 the meadville theological school united its summer quarter with that of the divinity school, and in 1915 the chicago theological seminary (congregational) became affiliated with the university. between 1892 and 1925, 95,000 students matriculated and more than 15,000 took de- grees; 1,500 of them that of doctor of philosophy. in 1924-5 the university enrolled nearly 14,000 students. | see t. w. goodspeed, a [tistory of the university of chicago: the first quarier century (1916), and the story of ‘the university of chicago (1925). (ej: ge) chicherin, georghy valentinovich (187 2- 5 russian politician, was a member of a diplomatic family that had filled important positions in the intellectual and public life of russia. he was nephew of the distinguished economist professor chuprov and of the great russian jurist, boris chicherin, who was mayor of moscow at the time of the corona- tion of alexander iii., and who was summarily dismissed from that office because he suggested to the new emperor that it was the first duty of a ruler to inaugurate reforms. chicherin began his career in the diplomatic service, being attached to the russian embassy in berlin, in which city he came in touch with the local social democrats in 1905. imbued with socialistic ideals he threw up his appointment, renounced the estates he inherited and associated himself with the socialist movement. (n 1907 he became a member of the central committee of the berlin social democratic bureau, and played an important part amongst the russian political emigrants in germany. {n 1908 he was arrested at charlottenburg, fined and banished from germany. he went to paris, where he lived for some time, and subsequently to london. after the russian revolution of march 1917 he worked in london to assist in the repatriation of russian refugees. after the bolshevik revolution in nov., when russia was no longer considered an ally, but an enemy, chi- cherin was arrested on the ground of *‘ enemy associations ”’ and placed in brixton gaol. on jan. 3 1918, however, he was liberated and banished from england. he returned to russia, and was appointed people’s commissary for foreign affairs in march 1918. in 1922 he headed the soviet delegation to the conference at genoa (sce russta). chicken pox: see infectious fevers. childers, robert erskine (1870-1922), irish politician, the son of prof. robert c. childers of london, was educated at haileybury and trinity college, cambridge. from 1895 to 1910 he was a clerk in the british house of commons. he served as a trooper in the south african war in 1900 and from 1910 to 1914 was engaged in political work and w riting for irish home rule. during the world war he served in the royal naval air service and in the royal air force, in which he 605 attained the rank of major and won the d.s.c. from 1917 to 1918 he served on the secretariat of the irish convention. on his demobilisation he returned to ireland and was elected to dail eireann as deputy for wicklow in may 1921. he was principal secretary to the irish delegation of plenipotentiaries to westminster, oct.—dec. 1921. he afterwards opposed the anglo-irish treaty of 1922, supported mr. de valera in the dail and joined the republicans when they again took up arms. he was captured in wicklow nov. 10 1922 and tried by mili- tary court martial on nov. 17, on the technical charge of having possession of an automatic pistol without proper authority. he was found guilty of treason, and executed on nov. 24 1922. among his publications are: vol. v. of times history of the south african war, dealing with the guerilla campaigns; the riddle of the sands (1903); the framework of home rule (1g! 1); miltiary rule in ireland (1920).