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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1926)",
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    "chunk_id": "1926:baghdad:70105f291aad",
    "title": "BAGHDAD",
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    "verified_text": "the population, mostly arab, was estimated in 1925 as 170,000. during the world war one of the two old gates, which were still fairly well preserved, was blown baghdad railway up by the turks, who also burnt the famous library of over 20,000 volumes. after the british occupation in 1917 a pontoon bridge was built across the tigris and named after gen. maude; it is reached by a street cut through the city by the turks for artillery transport. the theological building of the college at mu‘adhdham al-al-bait was formally opened by king feisal on march 15 10924 and the foundation stone of the central block laid. a british residency has been built near the river, and a palace for king feisal on the outskirts. sanitary conditions have been greatly improved and an efficient health service established; medical institutions include the new gen- eral hospital, the civil hospital for women and children and an isolation hospital. a telephone system and an im- proved system of water supply have been installed. schemes for the provision of electric power and a tramway service were submitted to the council of state in 1923. irrigation schemes have been put into operation in the surrounding areas and flood protection measures carried out. developments in communications during and after the war have greatly added to the importance of baghdad as the trade centre of ‘iraq. by the outbreak of the world war the projected line northwards to mosul had been completed as far as samarra. after the capture of the city by the british troops under gen. maude in 1917, railway construction was actively undertaken. by 1922 the line to the north had been extended to sharqat, 185-5 m. from baghdad, and other lines in operation were south- wards to basra, 356 m. and northwestwards to khanaqin and the persian frontier. the city has also developed into an im- portant river port. the produce of the surrounding districts is distributed by rail and river, and a large trade with persia and kurdistan has grown up. the chief exports from the city are wool, gum, opium, dates, skins, hides and carpets; imports are cotton goods, coffee, sugar, indigo, pepper, tobacco, etc., which are largely re-exported. baghdad is an important air station on the route from europe to india. a fortnightly air mail service from cairo was estab- lished in 1921. in oct. 1923 an overland mail motor service was inaugurated between baghdad and haifa, via damascus, by the nairn transport co., and by 1924 a regular weekly serv- ice was maintained. a wireless station, in. regular communi- cation with cairo and beirut, was brought into operation with effect from jan. 25 1923; commercial traffic is accepted for great britain, germany, the united states and syria.",
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