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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1926)",
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    "chunk_id": "1926:baden:119245a84b25",
    "title": "BADEN",
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    "verified_text": "a free state and territory of the german reich, has an area of 5,819 sq.m. and a population (1925) of 2,319,581. political and constitutional history.— until 1918 baden was a constitutional monarchy under a grand duke. the government was always conducted in a liberal spirit, and although the popu- lation was mainly catholic, baden enjoyed the reputation of being a model small liberal state. during the world war social dis- turbances hardly existed here; the social democrats were accus- tomed to entering the government, placed few difficulties in its path, and did not vote against the budget; while the heir to the throne, prince max, who was the last chancellor of the reich, worked hard for a peace by understanding and internal reforms. but his dynasty fell naturally with the rest; on nov. 10 1918,a revolutionary provisional government was formed, containing representatives of the social democrats, the two liberal parties and the catholic centre. on nov. 22 the grand duke abdicated with the consent of prince max. baden was the first german state to produce its new constitu- tion (may 21 1919), although this was afterwards considerably curtailed by the weimar constitution of the reich. the consti- tution was republican and democratic, with a single chamber, which possesses the right of legislation, chooses the ministry and selects from it the minister president, who also bears the title of president of the state, but is not the head of the state, mercly the person presiding over the ministry. there are provisions for referendums; laws involving an amendment of the constitution must always be submitted to popular referendum. this con- stitution closely resembles that of the swiss confederation, but differs from it in that in baden the government is dependent on parliament, which can at any time dismiss the whole ministry or individual members of it. in oct. 1925, after the new elec- tions, the liberals left the government, which was carried on by a coalition of the social democrats and the centre. (w.v.b.) badeni, kasimir, count (1846-1909), austrian statesman (see 3.34d), was born oct. 14 1846 at surachovo in galicia, he baden—baghdad studied law and served some years in the ministry of the interior and from 1879 at cracow as lieutenant of the governor of galicia. he resigned from the government service in 1886, but two years later was appointed governor (sfaithalter) of galicia. in sept. 1895 he was appointed austrian prime minister and his attitude was at first satisfactory to the german-austrians. in 1897, however, in order to gain the support of the czechs for the new ausgleich with hungary, he made certain important concessions in respect of the use of the czech language in bohemia. this was done by ordinance, without parliamentary sanction, and met with violent opposition from the german deputies, some of whom were imprisoned. the storm of indignation aroused among the german-austrians by this policy led to badeni’s downfall on nov. 28 1897. he died at radziechow, near lemberg, in austria, july 9 1909.",
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