P-Q5

p-q5, and kt-b3. to take one of them:-- 9. p-q5 9. kt-r4 10. b-kt2 10. kt-k2 11. b-q3 11. castles 12. kt-b3 12. kt-kt3 13. kt-k2 13. p-qb4 14. q-q2 14. p-b3 15. k-r sq 15. b-b2 16. qr-b sq 16. r-kt sq this game may be considered about even. king's knight's gambit (proper). white. black. 1. p-k4 1. p-k4 2. p-kb4 2. pxp 3. kkt-b3 3. p-kkt4 4. b-b4 4. b-kt2 5. castles 5. p-q3 6. p-q4 6. p-kr3 7. p-b3 7. kt-k2 black has the advantage. allgaier-kieseritzki gambit. white. black. 1. p-k4 1. p-k4 2. p-kb4 2. pxp 3. kt-kb3 3. p-kkt4 4. p-kr4 4. p-kt5 5. kt-k5 5. kkt-b3 6. b-b4 6. p-q4 7. pxp 7. b-kt2 8. p-q4 8. castles 9. bxp 9. ktxp 10. bxkt 10. qxb 11. castles 11. p-qb4 black has the better game. king's bishop's gambit. white. black. 1. p-k4 1. p-k4 2. p-kb4 2. pxp 3. b-b4 3. p-q4 4. bxp 4. q-r5 (ch) 5. k-b sq 5. p-kkt4 6. kkt-b3 6. q-r4 7. p-q4 7. b-kt2 8. p-kr4 8. p-kr3 9. kt-b3 9. kt-k2 10. k-kt sq 10. p-kt5 11. kt-k5 11. bxkt 12. pxb 12. qxkp 13. q-b sq 13. p-b6 14. p-p 14. q-kt6 (ch) 15. q-kt2 drawn game. salvio gambit. white. black. 1. p-k4 1. p-k4 2. p-kb4 2. pxp 3. kkt-b3 3. p-kkt4 4. b-b4 4. p-kt5 5. kt-k5 5. q-r5 (ch) 6. k-b sq 6. kt-kr3 7. p-q4 7. p-b6 8. kt-qb3 8. p-q3 9. kt-q3 9. pxp (ch) 10. kxp 10. b-kt2 11. kt-kb4 11. kt-b3 12. b-k3 12. castles 13. qkt-q5 13. q-q sq 14. p-b3 white has a slight advantage. muzio gambit. p-k4 p-kb4 kkt-b3 b-b4 1. ---- 2. ----- 3. ------ 4. ---- p-k4 pxp p-kkt4 p-kt5 white. black. 5. castles 5. pxkt 6. qxp 6. q-b3 7. p-k5 7. qxp 8. p-q3 8. b-r3 9. b-q2 9. kt-k2 10. kt-b3 10. qkt-b3 11. qr-k sq 11. q-kb4 12. r-k4 12. castles 13. qbxp 13. b-kt2 14. q-k2 14. p-q4 15. bxbp 15. q-kt4 16. p-kr4 16. q-kt3 17. ktxp 17. ktxkt 18. bxkt 18. b-b4 19. qr-kb4 19. b-k3 20. bxb 20. pxb 21. r-k4 21. rxr (ch) 22. kxr 22. r-b sq (ch) 23. k-kt sq 23. kt-q5 and black has the better game. queen's gambit. white. black. 1. p-q4 1. p-q4 2. p-qb4 2. pxp 3. p-k3 3. p-k4 4. bxp 4. pxp 5. pxp 5. b-q3 6. kt-kb3 6. kt-kb3 7. castles 7. castles 8. p-kr3 8. p-kr3 9. kt-qb3 9. p-qb3 the game is about equal, though white has a somewhat freer position. the following is a selection of noteworthy games played by great masters:-- king's bishop's gambit. white. black. anderssen. kieseritzki. 1. p-k4 1. p-k4 2. p-kb4 2. pxp 3. b-b4 3. q-r5 (ch) 4. k-b sq 4. p-qkt4 5. bxktp 5. kt-kb3 6. kt-kb3 6. q-r3 7. p-q3 7. kt-r4 8. kt-r4 8. q-kt4 9. kt-b5 9. p-qb3 10. p-kkt4 10. kt-b3 11. r-kt sq 11. pxb 12. p-kr4 12. q-kt3 13. p-r5 13. q-kt4 14. q-b3 14. kt-kt sq 15. bxp 15. q-b3 16. kt-b3 16. b-b4 17. kt-q5 17. qxktp 18. b-q6 18. qxr (ch) 19. k-k2 19. bxr 20. p-k5 20. kt-qr3 white mates in three moves. philidor's defence. white. black. barnes. morphy. 1. p-k4 1. p-k4 2. kt-kb3 2. p-q3 3. p-q4 3. p-kb4 4. pxkp 4. bpxp 5. kt-kt5 5. p-q4 6. p-k6 6. b-qb4 7. kt-b7 7. q-b3 8. b-k3 8. p-q5 9. b-kkt5 9. q-b4 10. ktxr 10. qxb 11. b-b4 11. kt-qb3 12. kt-b7 12. qxp 13. r-b sq 13. kt-b3 14. p-kb3 14. kt-qkt5 15. kt-qr3 15. bxp 16. bxb 16. kt-q6 (ch) 17. qxkt 17. pxq 18. castles 18. bxkt 19. b-kt3 19. p-q7 (ch) 20. k-kt sq 20. b-b4 21. kt-k5 21. k-b sq 22. kt-q3 22. r-k sq 23. ktxb 23. qxr and white resigns. bishop's gambit. white. black. white. black. charousek. tchigorin. charousek. tchigorin. 1. p-k4 p-k4 | 13. qxp (ch) k-k2 2. p-kb4 pxp | 14. ktxp ktxkt 3. b-b4 kt-qb3 | 15. bxkt p-r3 4. p-q4 kt-b3 | 16. kt-b3 b-b5 5. p-k5 p-q4 | 17. p-k6 r-b sq 6. b-kt3 b-kt5 | 18. b-b7 pxp 7. q-q3 kt-kr4 | 19. bxq (ch) rxb 8. kt-kr3 kt-kt5 | 20. q-kt7 (ch) r-q2 9. q-qb3 kt-r3 | 21. r-b7 (ch) kxr 10. castles b-k7 | 22. qxr (ch) b-k2 11. b-r4 (ch) p-b3 | 23. r-k sq r-k sq 12. bxp (ch) pxb | 24. p-qkt3 resigns. this pretty game was played in the tie match for first prize at the budapest tournament, 1896. queen's gambit declined. white. black. white. black. w. steinitz. dr e. lasker. w. steinitz. dr e. lasker. 1. p-q4 p-q4 | 21. kt-b3 kt-q5 2. p-qb4 p-k3 | 22. qxp ktxb (ch) 3. kt-qb3 kt-kb3 | 23. pxkt r-kt sq 4. b-b4 b-k2 | 24. qxp r-kt3 5. p-k3 castles | 25. q-b4 rxp 6. r-b sq p-b4 | 26. p-kr4 b-r2 7. qpxp bxp | 27. b-k4 q-q3 8. pxp pxp | 28. p-b4 q-q2 9. kt-b3 kt-b3 | 29. b-kt2 q-kt5 10. b-q3 p-q5 | 30. q-q3 kt-b4 11. pxp ktxp | 31. kt-k4 b-k6 12. castles b-kkt5 | 32. r-b3 rxb 13. kt-qkt5 bxkt | 33. kxr ktxp (ch) 14. p-b kt-k3 | 34. k-r2 ktxr (ch) 15. b-k5 kt-r4 | 35. k-kt2 kt-r5 (ch) 16. k-r sq q-kt4 | 36. k-r2 kt-b4 17. b-kt3 qr-q sq | 37. r-qkt sq p-r4 18. q-b2 q-r3 | 38. r-kt5 r-r sq 19. qr-q sq r-b sq | 39. p-r3 rxp 20. q-kt3 p-r3 | resigns. this game was played in the st petersburg tournament, 1895, a fine specimen of lasker's style. the final attack, beginning with 21. with kt-q5, furnishes a gem of an ending. rice gambit. white. black. white. black. professor major professor major rice. hanham. rice. hanham. 1. p-k4 p-k4 | 15. q-r3 kt-b7 2. p-kb4 pxp | 16. rxb (ch) b-k3 3. kt-kb3 p-kkt4 | 17. k-b sq q-r8 (ch) 4. p-kr4 p-kt5 | 18. kt-kt sq kt-r6 5. kt-k5 kt-kb3 | 19. pxkt p-b6 6. b-b4 p-q4 | 20. b-kt5 q-kt7 (ch) 7. pxp b-q3 | 21. k-k sq p-b7 (ch) 8. castles bxkt | 22. k-q2 p-b8=kt (ch) 9. r-k sq q-k2 | 23. k-q3 k-q2 10. p-b3 p-kt6 | 24. pxb (ch) k-b2 11. p-q4 kt-kt5 | 25. q-k7 (ch) k-kt3 12. kt-q2 qxp | 26. q-q8 (ch) rxq 13. kt-b3 q-r3 | 27. bxq and mates 14. q-r4 (ch) p-b3 | the rice gambit (so called after its inventor, prof. isaac l. rice of new york), whether right or not, is only possible if black plays 7. b-q3. paulsen's 7. b-kt2 is better, and avoids unnecessary complications. 8. p-q4 is the usual move. leaving the knight _en prise_, followed by 9. r-k sq, constitutes the rice gambit. the interesting points in the game are that white subjects himself to a most violent attack with impunity, for in the end black could not save the game by 22. p-b8 claiming a second queen with a discovered check, nor by claiming a knight with double check, as it is equally harmless to white. giuoco piano. white. black. white. black. steinitz. bardeleben. steinitz. bardeleben. 1. p-k4 p-k4 | 14. r-k sq p-kb3 2. kt-kb3 kt-qb3 | 15. q-k2 q-q2 3. b-b4 b-b4 | 16. qr-b sq p-b3 4. p-b3 kt-b3 | 17. p-q5 pxp 5. p-q4 pxp | 18. kt-q4 k-b2 6. pxp b-kt5 (ch) | 19. kt-k6 kr-qb sq 7. kt-b3 p-q4 | 20. q-kt4 p-kkt3 8. pxp kktxp | 21. kt-kt5 (ch) k-k sq 9. castles b-k3 | 22. rxkt (ch) k-b sq 10. b-kkt5 b-k2 | 23. r-b7 (ch) k-kt sq 11. bxkt qbxb | 24. r-kt7 (ch) k-r sq 12. ktxb qxkt | 25. rxp (ch) resigns. 13. bxb ktxb | as a matter of fact, bardeleben left the board here, and lost the game by letting his clock run out the time-limit; but steinitz, who remained at the board, demonstrated afterwards the following variation leading to a forced win:-- white. black. white. black. steinitz. bardeleben. steinitz. bardeleben. 25. ...... k-kt sq | 31. q-kt8 (ch) k-k2 26. r-kt7 (ch) k-r sq | 32. q-b7 (ch) k-q sq 27. q-r4 (ch) kxr | 33. q-b8 (ch) q-k sq 28. q-r7 (ch) k-b sq | 34. kt-b7 (ch) k-q2 29. q-r8 (ch) k-k2 | 35. q-q6 mate. 30. q-kt7 (ch) k-k sq | this game was awarded the prize for "brilliancy" at the hastings tournament, 1895. ruy lopez. white. black. white. black. halprin. pillsbury. halprin. pillsbury. 1. p-k4 p-k4 | 14. p-kt6 bpxp 2. kt-kb3 kt-qb3 | 15. kt-q5 pxkt 3. b-kt5 kt-b3 | 16. kr-k sq(ch) k-b sq 4. castles ktxp | 17. r-r3 kt-k4 5. p-q4 kt-q3 | 18. rxkt pxr 6. pxp ktxb | 19. r-b3 (ch) k-kt sq 7. p-qr4 p-q3 | 20. b-r6 q-k2 8. p-k6 pxp | 21. bxp kxb 9. pxkt kt-k2 | 22. r-kt3 (ch) k-b sq 10. kt-b3 kt-kt3 | 23. r-b3 (ch) k-kt2 11. kt-kt5 b-k2 | 24. r-kt3 (ch) k-b sq 12. q-r5 bxkt | 25. r-b3 (ch) k-kt sq 13. bxb q-q2 | draw. this brilliant game, played at the munich tournament, 1900, would be unique had the combinations occurred spontaneously in the game. as a matter of fact, however, the whole variation had been elaborated by maroczy and halprin previously, on the chance of pillsbury adopting the defence in the text. the real merit belongs to pillsbury, who had to find the correct defence to an attack which halprin had committed to memory and simply had to be careful to make the moves in regular order. sicilian defence. white. black. white. black. pillsbury. mieses. pillsbury. mieses. 1. p-k4 p-qb4 | 16. pxp kt-q5 2. kt-kb3 p-k3 | 17. bxr kxb 3. p-q4 pxp | 18. r-r2 b-k3 4. ktxp kt-kb3 | 19. r-q2 r-k sq 5. kt-qb3 kt-b3 | 20. castles b-kt6 6. kkt-kt5 b-kt5 | 21. q-kt sq b-q4 7. p-qr3 bxkt (ch) | 22. b-q sq bxp 8. ktxb p-q4 | 23. kxb q-kt4 (ch) 9. pxp pxp | 24. k-r sq qxr 10. b-kkt5 castles | 25. b-kt4 q-b5 11. b-k2 p-q5 | 26. r-kt sq p-b4 12. kt-k4 q-r4 (ch) | 27. b-r5 kt-b6 13. p-kt4 q-k4 | 28. bxkt qxb (ch) 14. ktxkt (ch) pxkt | 29. r-kt2 r-k7 15. b-r6 p-q6 | 30. q-qb sq qxqp drawn eventually. this brilliant game occurred at the paris tournament, 1900. evans gambit. white. black. anderssen. dufresne. 1. p-k4 p-k4 | 13. q-r4 b-kt3 2. kt-kb3 kt-qb3 | 14. qkt-q2 b-kt2 3. b-b4 b-b4 | 15. kt-k4 q-b4 4. p-qkt4 bxp | 16. bxp q-r4 5. p-b3 b-r4 | 17. kt-b6 (ch) pxkt 6. p-q4 pxp | 18. pxp r-kt sq 7. castles p-q6 | 19. qr-q sq qxkt 8. q-kt3 q-b3 | 20. rxkt (ch) ktxr 9. p-k5 q-kt3 | 21. qxp (ch) kxq 10. r-k sq kkt-k2 | 22. b-b5 (ch) k-k sq 11. b-r3 p-kt4 | 23. b-q7 (ch) k moves 12. qxp r-qkt sq | 24. bxkt mate. this game is most remarkable and brilliant. the _coup de repos_ of 19. qr - q sq is the key - move to the brilliant final combination, the depth and subtlety of which have never been equalled, except perhaps in the following game between zukertort and blackburne:-- english opening. white. black. white. black. zukertort. blackburne. zukertort. blackburne. 1. p-qb4 p-k3 | 18. p-k4 qr-qb sq 2. p-k3 kt-kb3 | 19. p-k5 kt-k sq 3. kt-kb3 p-qkt3 | 20. p-b4 p-kt3 4. b-k2 b-kt2 | 21. r-k3 p-b4 5. castles p-q4 | 22. pxp e.p. ktxp 6. p-q4 b-q3 | 23. p-b5 kt-k5 7. kt-b3 castles | 24. bxkt pxb 8. p-qkt3 qkt-q2 | 25. pxktp r-b7 9. b-kt2 q-k2 | 26. pxp (ch) k-r sq 10. kt-qkt5 kt-k5 | 27. p-q5 dis.(ch) p-k4 11. ktxb pxkt | 28. q-kt4 qr-b4 12. kt-q2 qkt-b3 | 29. r-b8 (ch) kxp 13. p-b3 ktxkt | 30. qxp (ch) k-kt2 14. qxkt pxp | 31. bxp (ch) kxr 15. bxp p-q4 | 32. b-kt7 (ch) k-kt sq 16. b-q3 kr-b sq | 33. qxq resigns. 17. qr-k sq r-b2 | this game, played in the london tournament, 1883, is one of the most remarkable productions of modern times, neither surpassed nor indeed equalled hitherto. _end games._--a game of chess consists of three branches--the opening, the middle and the end game. the _openings_ have been analysed and are to be acquired by the study of the books on the subject. the _middle game_ can only be acquired practically. the combinations being inexhaustible in their variety, individual ingenuity has its full scope. those endowed with a fertile imagination will evolve plans and combinations leading to favourable issues. the less endowed player, however, is not left quite defenceless; he has necessarily to adopt a different system, namely, to try to find a weak point in the arrangement of his opponent's forces and concentrate his attack on that weak spot. as a matter of fact, in a contest between players of equal strength, finding the weak point in the opponent's armour is the only possible plan, and this may be said to be the fundamental principle of the modern school. in the good old days the battles were mostly fought in the neighbourhood of the king, each side striving for a checkmate. nowadays the battle may be fought anywhere. it is quite immaterial where the advantage is gained be it ever so slight. correct continuation will necessarily increase it, and the opponent may be compelled to surrender in the end game without being checkmated, or a position may be reached when the enemies, in consequence of the continual fight, are so reduced that the kings themselves have to take the field--the end game. the _end game_, therefore, requires a special study. it has its special laws and the value of the pieces undergoes a considerable change. the kings leave their passive role and become attacking forces. the pawns increase in value, whilst that of the pieces may diminish in certain cases. two knights, for instance, without pawns, become valueless, as no checkmate can be effected with them. in the majority of cases the players must be guided by general principles, as the standard examples do not meet all-cases. the handbooks as a rule give a sprinkling of elementary endings, such as to checkmate with queen, rook, bishop and knight, two bishops, and pawn endings pure and simple, as well as pawns in connexion with pieces in various forms. towards the end of the 19th century a valuable work on end games was published in england by the late b. horwitz; thus for the first time a theoretical classification of the art was given. this was followed by a more comprehensive work by professor j. berger of gratz, which was translated a few years later by the late mr freeborough. a few specimens of the less accessible positions are given below:-- _position from a game played by the late j.g. campbell in 1863._ black. +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | |bp | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | |wp | |bp | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | |bk | |bp | | |wb | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |wp | | |wp | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | |bp |bp | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | |wp | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | |bk | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ white. obviously white has to lose the game, not being able to prevent the pawns from queening. by a remarkably ingenious device white averts the loss of the game by stalemating himself as follows:-- 1. b-q2, p-kt7; 2. b-r5, p-kt8 = q; 3. p-kt4 stalemate. _position by sarratt, 1808_. black. +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |bp |bp |bp | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | |bk | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |wp |wp |wp | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | |wk | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ white. white wins as follows:-- 1. p-kt6, rpxp; 2. p-b6, p(kt2)xp; 3. p-r6 and wins by queening the pawn. if 1. ... bpxp then 2. p-r6, ktpxp; 3-p-b6 and queens the pawn. _problems._--a chess problem[1] has been described as "merely a position supposed to have occurred in a game of chess, being none other than the critical point where your antagonist announces checkmate in a given number of moves, no matter what defence you play," but the above description conveys no idea of the degree to which problem-composing has become a specialized study. owing its inception, doubtless, to the practice of recording critical phases from actual play, the art of problem composition has so grown in favour as to earn the title of the "poetry" of the game. _position by b. horwitz._ black. +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | |wk | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | |bp | |wq | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | |bk | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ white. as a rule the game should be drawn. supposing by a series of checks white were to compel black to abandon the pawn, he would move k - r8; q x p and black is stale-mate. therefore the ingenious way to win is:-- 1. k-b4, p-b8 = q ch; k-kt3 and wins. or 1. ... k-r8 (threatening p-b8 = kt); then 2. q-q2 preliminary to k-kt3 now wins. _position by b. horwitz._ black. +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | |wk | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | |wkn| |bp | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | |wkn| |bk | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ white. without black's pawn white could only draw. the pawn being on the board, white wins as follows:-- 1. kt-b4, k-kt sq; 2. kt (b4)-k3, k-r sq; 3. k-kt4, k-kt sq; 4. k-r3, k-r sq; 5. kt-b4, k-kt sq; 6. kt (b4)-q2, k-r sq; 7. kt-kt3 ch, k-kt sq; 8. kt-b3 mate. _position by b. horwitz._ black. +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | |bk | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | |wk | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | |bb | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | |wkn| | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | |wb | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ white. white wins with two pieces against one--a rare occurrence. 1. kt-k6, b-r3; 2. b-q4 ch, k-r2; 3. b-b3, b moves anywhere not _en prise_; 4. b-kt7 and kt mates. _position by o. schubert._ black. +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | |bp | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | |bp |wb | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | |bk |wp | |wp | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | |wk | | |bkn| +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ white. white wins as follows:-- 1. p-kt5, kt-kt5; 2. k-b3, kt-k6; 3. b-k6, kt-b8; 4. bxp, kt-q7 ch; 5. k-kt4, ktxp; 6. p-kt6, kt-b3, ch; 7. k-kt5, p-k5; 8. kxkt, p-k6; 9.