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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:murfree:873aadad9dea",
    "title": "MURFREE",
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    "verified_text": "murfree, american author, who was born near murfreesboro, tennessee, on the 24th of january 1850, the great-granddaughter of col. hardy murfree. she was crippled in childhood by paralysis. she attended school in nashville and philadelphia. spending her summers in the mountains of eastern tennessee, she came to know the primitive people there with whose life her writings deal. she contributed to _appleton's journal_, and, first in 1878, to _the atlantic monthly_. no one, apparently, suspected that the author of these stories was a woman, and her identity was not disclosed until 1885, a year after the publication of her first volume of short stories, _in the tennessee mountains_. she deals mainly with the narrow, stern life of the tennessee mountaineers, who, left behind in the advance of civilization, live amid traditions and customs, and speak a dialect, peculiarly their own; and her work abounds in exquisite descriptions of scenery. among her other books are: _where the battle was fought_ (1884), a novel dealing with the old aristocratic southern life; _down the ravine_ (1885) and _the story of keedon bluffs_ (1887) for young people; _the prophet of the great smoky mountains_ (1885), a novel; _in the clouds_ (1886), a novel; _the despot of broomsedge cove_ (1888), a novel; _in the \"stranger-people's\" country_ (1891); _his vanished star_ (1894), a novel; _the mystery of witch-face mountain and other stories_ (1895); _the phantoms of the footbridge and other stories_ (1895); _the young mountaineers_ (1897), short stories; _the juggler_ (1897); _the story of old fort loudon_ (1899); _the bushwhackers and other stories_ (1899); _the champion_ (1902); _a spectre of power_ (1903); _the frontiersman_ (1904); _the storm centre_ (1905); _the amulet_ (1906); _the windfall_ (1907); and _fair mississippian_ (1908). cradle (of uncertain etymology, possibly connected with \"crate\" and \"creel,\" i.e. basket; the derivation from a celtic word, with a sense of rocking, is scouted by the _new english dictionary_), a child's bed of wood, wicker or iron, with enclosed sides, slung upon pivots or mounted on rockers. it is a very ancient piece of furniture, but the date when it first assumed its characteristic swinging or rocking form is by no means clear. a miniature in an illuminated _histoire de la belle helaine_ in the bibliotheque nationale in paris (end of the 14th or beginning of the 15th century) shows an infant sleeping in a tiny four-post bed slung upon rockers. in its oldest forms the cradle is an oblong oak box without a lid--originally the rockers appear to have been detachable--but, like all other household appliances, it has been subject to changes of fashion alike in shape and adornment. it has been panelled and carved, supported on renaissance pillars, inlaid with marqueterie or mounted in gilded bronze. the original simple shape persisted for two or three centuries--even the hood made its appearance very early. in the 18th century, however, cradles were often very elaborate--indeed in france they had begun to be so much earlier, but the richly carved and upholstered examples were used chiefly for purposes of state, being in fact miniature _lits de parade_. in modern times they have become lighter and simpler, the old hood being very often replaced by a draped curtain dependent from a carved or shaped upright. about the middle of the 19th century iron cradles were introduced, along with iron bedsteads. a number of undoubted historic cradles have been preserved, together with many others with doubtful attributions. two alleged cradles of henry v. exist; one which claims to have been used by the unhappy earl of derwentwater is in the victoria and albert museum in london; the other is at windsor castle. that of henry iv. of france, now in the chateau de pau, is mounted upon a large tortoiseshell. that of the king of rome (\"napoleon ii.\") was designed by prud'hon, and along with that of the comte de chambord is preserved in the garde meuble. in england a cradle is now often called a \"bassinet\" (i.e. little basket), and the \"cot\" has to some extent taken its place. by analogy, the word \"cradle\" is also applied to various sorts of framework in engineering, and to a rocking-tool used in engraving.",
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