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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "verified_text": "mss., a museum of egyptian and german antiquities, a picture gallery with masterpieces of old german and dutch schools, a natural history collection and the state archives. to the right of the entrance to the palace gardens is the tomb of the \"great landgravine,\" caroline henrietta, wife of the landgrave louis ix., surmounted by a marble urn, the gift of frederick the great of prussia, bearing the inscription _femina sexu, ingenio vir_. to the south of the castle lies the old town, with the market square, the town hall (lately restored and enlarged) and the town church. of the eight churches (seven evangelical) only the roman catholic is in any way imposing. there are two synagogues. the town possesses a technical high school, having (since 1900) power to confer the degree of doctor of engineering, and attended by about 2000 students, two gymnasia, a school of agriculture, an artisans' school and a botanical garden. the chemist, justus von liebig, was born in darmstadt in 1803. among the chief manufactures are the production of machinery, carpets, playing cards, chemicals, tobacco, hats, wine and beer. the surroundings of darmstadt are attractive and contain many features of interest. to the east of the town lies the mathildenhohe, formerly a park and now converted into villa residences. here are the alice hospital and the pretty russian church, built (1898-1899) by the emperor nicholas ii. of russia in memory of the empress maria, wife of alexander ii. in the vicinity is the rosenhohe, with the mausoleum of the ducal house, with the tomb of the grand-duchess alice, daughter of queen victoria of england. darmstadt is mentioned in the 11th century, but in the 14th century it was still a village, held by the counts of katzenelnbogen. it came by marriage into the possession of the house of hesse in 1479, the male line of the house of katzenelnbogen having in that year become extinct. the imperial army took it in the schmalkaldic war, and destroyed the old castle. in 1567, after the death of philip the magnanimous, his youngest son george received darmstadt and chose it as his residence. he was the founder of the line of hesse-darmstadt. its most brilliant days were those of the reign of louis x. (1790-1830), the first grand-duke, under whom the new town was built. see walther, _darmstadt wie es war und wie es geworden_ (darms. 1865); and zernin und worner, _darmstadt und seine umgebung_ (zurich, 1890).",
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