MAREE

maree, loch, a fresh-water lake in the county of ross and cromarty, scotland. its name--of which maroy and mourie are older variants--does not, as is often supposed, commemorate the virgin, but st maelrubha, who came from bangor in ireland in 671 and founded a monastery at applecross and a chapel (now in ruins) on isle maree. trending in a south-easterly to north-westerly direction, the lake has a length of 131⁄2 m. from kinlochewe at the head of the dam erected in the 16th century (or earlier) by the iron-smelters of the cheardach ruardh, or red smiddy, on the short but impetuous river ewe by which it drains to the sea. it lies at a height of 32 ft. above sea-level; the greatest breadth is just over 2 m. at slattadale, the mean breadth being 9/10 of a mile; and the greatest depth, 367 ft., occurs in the upper basin, the mean depth being 125 ft. its waters cover an area of fully 11 sq. m., and its islands nearly 1 sq. m., while the drainage area is 171 sq. m. a remarkable feature is the large number (more than 30) and considerable area of the islands. excepting loch crocach, a small lake in the assynt district of sutherlandshire, its insularity (i.e. the ratio of the total area of the islands to that of the water surface) is higher than that of any other lake in great britain, loch lomond coming next. nearly all the islands lie north and east of slattadale, the largest being eilean subhainn, or st swithin's isle, which contains a small lake 750 ft. long, 300 ft. broad and 64 ft. deep. for two-thirds of its length the loch is flanked by magnificent mountains. on the north-east the principal heights are ben slioch (3217 ft.), whose sugar-loaf form dominates the landscape, ben lair (2817) and ben airidh-a-char (2593), and, on the south-west, the peaks of ben eay, four of which exceed 3000 ft. maremma (a corruption of _marittima_, "situated on the sea"), a marshy region of tuscany, italy, extending from the mouth of the cecina to orbetello and varying in breadth from 15 to 20 m. in etruscan and roman times the maremma was a populous and fertile coast plain, with considerable towns situated on the hills--populonia, russellae, cosa, &c., and was drained by a complete system of subterranean canals which were brought to light by the excavations made in connexion with the railways passing through the district. but the decline of agriculture at the end of the republic led to a conversion of the land to pasture, and later the unsettled state of affairs consequent on the fall of the roman empire resulted in neglect of the watercourses. leopold ii. of tuscany (1822-1844) made the first successful efforts to counteract the malaria which has affected the district, by drainage, the filling up of swamps, and the establishment of new farms, and since his time continuous efforts have been made with considerable success.