LYCURGUS

lycurgus, "the logothete" (1772-1851), greek leader in the war of independence, was born in the island of samos. he was educated at constantinople, received the usual training, and followed the customary career of a phanariot greek. he accompanied constantine ypsilanti when he was appointed hospodar of walachia, as secretary, and served ypsilanti's successor, alexander soutzos, as treasurer and chancellor (logothete). in 1802 he returned to samos, and having become suspected by the turkish government was imprisoned. he fled to smyrna, when he was pardoned and released by the turks. when the war of independence began he induced his countrymen to declare samos independent, and was chosen ruler. his share in the war of independence is chiefly memorable because he provoked the massacre of chios in 1822. lycurgus conducted an expedition of 2500 to that island, which was held by a turkish garrison under velna pasha. his force was insufficient, the time was ill-chosen, for a strong turkish fleet was at sea, and lycurgus displayed utter incapacity as a military leader. after these events, he was deposed by the samians, but recovered some influence and had a share in the defence of samos against the turks in 1824. when the island was left under the authority of turkey by the protocol of the 3rd of february 1830, he helped to obtain autonomy for the samians. he retired to greece and died on the 22nd of may 1851. see g. finlay, _history of the greek revolution_ (london, 1861).