LUDWIGSHAFEN

ludwigshafen, a town of germany, in the bavarian palatinate, on the left bank of the rhine, immediately opposite to mannheim, with which it is connected by a steam ferry and a railway bridge. pop. (1885) 21,042, (1900) 61,905, (1905) 72,168. it has an increasing trade in iron, timber, coal and agricultural products, a trade which is fostered by a harbour opened in 1897; and also large factories for making aniline dyes and soda. other industries are the manufacture of cellulose, artificial manure, flour and malt; and there are saw-mills, iron foundries and breweries in the town. the place, which was founded in 1843 by louis i., king of bavaria, was only made a town in 1859. see j. esselborn, _geschichte der stadt ludwigshafen_ (ludwigshafen, 1888).