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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:luck:8b8b3cac88bf",
    "title": "LUCK",
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    "verified_text": "luck, a term for good or bad fortune, the unforeseen or unrecognized causes which bring success or failure in any enterprise, particularly used of the result of chances in games of skill or chance (see probability). the word does not occur in english before the 16th century. it was taken from the low ger. _luk_, a shortened form of _geluk_, cf. modern ger. _gluck_, happiness, good fortune. the _new english dictionary_ considers the word to have been introduced from the low countries as a gambling term. the ultimate origin is doubtful; it has been connected with the german _gelingen_, to succeed (cf. _druck_, pressure, from _dringen_), or with _locken_, to entice. at eden hall in cumberland, the seat of the musgrave family, has been long preserved a vessel known as \"the luck,\" supposed to be of venetian or byzantine make, and dating from the 10th century. it is a chalice of enamelled glass, and on its safe preservation the fortunes of the musgrave family are supposed to depend, in accordance with the rhyme:-- \"should this cup either break or fall, farewell the luck of edenhall.\" lucke, gottfried christian friedrich (1791-1855), german theologian, was born on the 24th of august 1791, at egeln near magdeburg, where his father was a merchant. he studied theology at halle and gottingen. in 1813 he became _repetent_ at gottingen, and in 1814 he received the degree of doctor in philosophy from halle; in 1816 he removed to berlin, where he became licentiate in theology, and qualified as _privat-docent_. he soon became intimate with schleiermacher and de wette, and was associated with them in 1819 in the redaction of the _theologische zeitschrift_. meanwhile his lectures and publications (among the latter a _grundriss der neutestamentlichen hermeneutik_, 1816) had brought him into considerable repute, and he was appointed professor extraordinarius in the new university of bonn in the spring of 1818; in the following autumn he became professor ordinarius. from bonn, where he had j. c. w. augusti (1772-1841), j. k. l. gieseler, and karl immanuel nitzsch for colleagues, he was called in 1827 to gottingen to succeed k. f. staudlin (1761-1826). in that year he helped to found the _theologische studien und kritiken_, the chief organ of the \"mediation\" theology (_vermittelungstheologie_). at gottingen he remained, declining all further calls elsewhere, as to erlangen, kiel, halle, tubingen, jena and leipzig, until his death, which occurred on the 4th of february 1855. lucke, who was one of the most learned, many-sided and influential of the so-called \"mediation\" school of evangelical theologians (_vermittelungstheologie_), is now chiefly known by his _kommentar uber die schriften d. evangelisten johannes_ (4 vols., 1820-1832); it has since passed through two new and improved editions (the last volume of the 3rd edition by e. bertheau, 1856). he is an intelligent maintainer of the johannine authorship of the fourth gospel; in connexion with this thesis he was one of the first to argue for the early date and non-apostolic authorship of the apocalypse. his _einleitung in die offenbarung johannis_ was published in 1832 (2nd ed., 1848-1852). he also published a _synopsis evangeliorum_, conjointly with w. m. l. de wette (1818, 2nd ed., 1840). see herzog-hauck, _realencyklopadie_.",
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