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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:lombard league:d71dc6e875e3",
    "title": "LOMBARD LEAGUE",
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    "verified_text": "lombard league, the name given in general to any league of the cities of lombardy, but applied especially to the league founded in 1167, which brought about the defeat of the emperor frederick i. at legnano, and the consequent destruction of his plans for obtaining complete authority over italy. lacking often the protection of a strong ruler, the lombard cities had been accustomed to act together for mutual defence, and in 1093 milan, lodi, piacenza and cremona formed an alliance against the emperor henry",
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