LOCUST-TREE

locust-tree, or carob-tree (_ceratonia siliqua_), a member of the tribe _cassieae_ of the order leguminosae, the sole species of its genus, and widely diffused spontaneously and by cultivation from spain to the eastern mediterranean regions. the name of the genus is derived from the often curved pod (gr. [greek: keration], a little horn). the flowers have no petals and are polygamous or dioecious (male, female and hermaphrodite flowers occur). the seed-pod is compressed, often curved, indehiscent and coriaceous, but with sweet pulpy divisions between the seeds, which, as in other genera of the _cassieae_, are albuminous. the pods are eaten by men and animals, and in sicily a spirit and a syrup are made from them. these husks being often used for swine are called swine's bread, and are probably referred to in the parable of the prodigal son. it is also called st john's bread, from a misunderstanding of matt. iii. 4. the carob-tree was regarded by sprengel as the tree with which moses sweetened the bitter waters of marah (exod. xv. 25), as the _kharrub_, according to avicenna (p. 205), has the property of sweetening salt and bitter waters. gerard (_herball_, p. 1241) cultivated it in 1597, it having been introduced in 1570. lodeve, a town of southern france, capital of an arrondissement of the department of herault, 36 m. w.n.w. of montpellier by rail. pop. (1906), 6142. it is situated in the southern cevennes at the foot of steep hills in a small valley where the soulondres joins the lergue, a tributary of the herault. two bridges over the lergue connect the town with the faubourg of carmes on the left bank of the river, and two others over the soulondres lead to the extensive ruins of the chateau de montbrun (13th century). the old fortified cathedral of st fulcran, founded by him in 950, dates in its present condition from the 13th, 14th and 16th centuries; the cloister, dating from the 15th and 17th centuries, is in ruins. in the picturesque environs of the town stands the well-preserved monastery of st michel de grammont, dating from the 12th century and now used as farm buildings. in the neighbourhood are three fine dolmens. the manufacture of woollens for army clothing is the chief industry. wool is imported in large quantities from the neighbouring departments, and from morocco; the exports are cloth to italy and the levant, wine, brandy and wood. the town has tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a board of trade-arbitrators, a chamber of arts and manufactures, and a communal college. lodeve (luteva) existed before the invasion of the romans, who for some time called it _forum neronis_. the inhabitants were converted to christianity by st flour, first bishop of the city, about 323. after passing successively into the hands of the visigoths, the franks, the ostrogoths, the arabs and the carolingians, it became in the 9th century a separate countship, and afterwards the domain of its bishops. during the religious wars it suffered much, especially in 1573, when it was sacked. it ceased to be an episcopal see at the revolution.