LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD

local government board, a department of the administration of the united kingdom, constituted in 1871. it is the successor of the general board of health, established in 1848 pursuant to the public health act of that year. the general board of health continued in existence until 1854, when it was reconstituted. its existence under its new constitution was originally limited to one year, but was extended from year to year until 1858, when it was allowed to expire, its powers under the various acts for the prevention of diseases being transferred to the privy council, while those which related to the control of local authorities passed to the secretary of state for the home department, to whose department the staff of officers and clerks belonging to the board was transferred. this state of affairs continued until 1871, when the local government board was created by the local government board act 1871. it consists of the lord president of the council, the five principal secretaries of state, the lord privy seal, the chancellor of the exchequer and a president appointed by the sovereign. the board itself seldom meets, and the duties of the department are discharged by the president assisted by a parliamentary and a permanent secretary and a permanent staff. the president and one of the secretaries usually have seats in parliament, and the president is generally a member of the cabinet. the salary of the president, formerly £2000, was raised in 1910 to £5000 a year. the board has all the powers of the secretary of state under the public health act 1848, and the numerous subsequent acts relating to sanitary matters and the government of sanitary districts; together with all the powers and duties of the privy council under the acts relating to the prevention of epidemic disease and to vaccination. the powers and duties of the board have been largely added to by legislation since its creation; it may be said that the board exercises a general supervision over the numerous authorities to whom local government has been entrusted (see england: _local government_). a committee presided over by lord jersey in 1904 inquired into the constitution and duties of the board, but made no recommendation as to any change therein. it recommended, however, an increase in the salaries of the president and of the parliamentary and permanent secretaries. locarno (ger. _luggarus_), a small town of italian appearance in the swiss canton of tessin or ticino, of which till 1881 it was one of the three capitals (the others being bellinzona, q.v., and lugano, q.v.). it is built at the north or swiss end of the lago maggiore, not far from the point at which the maggia enters that lake, and is by rail 14 m. s.w. of bellinzona. its height above the sea-level is only 682 ft., so that it is said to be the lowest spot in switzerland. in 1900 its population was 3603, mainly italian-speaking and romanists. it was taken from the milanese in 1512 by the swiss who ruled it till 1798, when it became part of the canton of lugano in the helvetic republic, and in 1803 part of that of tessin or ticino, then first erected. in 1555 a number of protestant inhabitants were expelled for religious reasons, and going to zurich founded the silk industry there. above locarno is the romantically situated sanctuary of the madonna del sasso (now rendered easily accessible by a funicular railway) that commands a glorious view over the lake and the surrounding country. (w. a. b. c.)