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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:lennox:de43ebc2bd3a",
    "title": "LENNOX",
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    "verified_text": "lennox, a name given to a large district in dumbartonshire and stirlingshire, which was erected into an earldom in the latter half of the 12th century. it embraced the ancient sheriffdom of dumbarton and nineteen parishes with the whole of the lands round loch lomond, formerly loch leven, and the river of that name which glides into the estuary of the clyde at the ancient castle of dumbarton. on this river leven, at balloch, was the seat of alwin, first earl of lennox. it is probable that he was of celtic descent, but the records are silent as to his part in history; that he was earl at all is only proved from the charters of his son, another alwin, and he died some time before 1217. the second alwin was father of ten sons, one of whom founded the clan macfarlane, famous in the annals of the district, while another was ancestor of walter of farlane, who married the heiress of the 6th earl of lennox. maldouen, the 3rd earl, eldest of the sons of alwin the younger, is an historical personage; he was a witness to the treaty between alexander ii., king of scotland, and his brother-in-law the english king henry iii., at newcastle in 1237, concerning the much disputed northern counties of england. his grandson, malcolm, successor to the title, swore fealty to edward i. in 1296; it was apparently his son, another malcolm, the 5th earl, who was summoned by edward to parliament and entrusted with the important post of guarding the fords of the river forth. but the 5th earl soon after gave his services to the party of bruce, the cause of that family having been embraced by his father as early as 1292. as a result the english king bestowed the earldom on sir john menteith, who was holding it in 1307 while the real earl was with king robert bruce in his wanderings in the lennox country. for his services he was rewarded with a renewal of the earldom and the keeping of dumbarton castle; he fell fighting for his country at halidon hill in 1333. his son donald, the 6th earl, an adherent of king david",
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