LEMERY

lemery, nicolas (1645-1715), french chemist, was born at rouen on the 17th of november 1645. after learning pharmacy in his native town he became a pupil of c. glaser's in paris, and then went to montpellier, where he began to lecture on chemistry. he next established a pharmacy in paris, still continuing his lectures, but in 1683, being a calvinist, he was obliged to retire to england. in the following year he returned to france, and turning catholic in 1686 was able to reopen his shop and resume his lectures. he died in paris on the 19th of june 1715. lemery did not concern himself much with theoretical speculations, but holding chemistry to be a demonstrative science, confined himself to the straightforward exposition of facts and experiments. in consequence, his lecture-room was thronged with people of all sorts, anxious to hear a man who shunned the barren obscurities of the alchemists, and did not regard the quest of the philosopher's stone and the elixir of life as the sole end of his science. of his _cours de chymie_ (1675) he lived to see 13 editions, and for a century it maintained its reputation as a standard work. his other publications included _pharmacopee universelle_ (1697), _traite universel des drogues simples_ (1698), _traite de l'antimoine_ (1707), together with a number of papers contributed to the french academy, one of which offered a chemical and physical explanation of underground fires, earthquakes, lightning and thunder. he discovered that heat is evolved when iron filings and sulphur are rubbed together to a paste with water, and the artificial _volcan de lemery_ was produced by burying underground a considerable quantity of this mixture, which he regarded as a potent agent in the causation of volcanic action. his son louis (1677-1743) was appointed physician at the hotel dieu in 1710, and became demonstrator of chemistry at the jardin du roi in 1731. he was the author of a _traite des aliments_ (1702), and of a _dissertation sur la nature des os_ (1704), as well as of a number of papers on chemical topics.