LELAND

leland, charles godfrey (1824-1903), american author, son of a merchant, was born at philadelphia on the 15th of august 1824, and graduated at princeton in 1845. he afterwards studied at heidelberg, munich and paris. he was in paris during the revolution of 1848, and took an active part in it. he then returned to philadelphia, and after being admitted to the bar in 1851, devoted himself to contributing to periodicals, editing various magazines and writing books. at the opening of the civil war he started at boston the _continental magazine_, which advocated emancipation. in 1868 he became known as the humorous author of _hans breitmann's party and ballads_, which was followed by other volumes of the same kind, collected in 1871 with the title of _hans breitmann's ballads_. these dialect poems, burlesquing the german american, at once became popular. in 1869 he went to europe, and till 1880 was occupied, chiefly in london, with literary work; after returning to philadelphia for six years, he again made his home in europe, generally at florence, where he died on the 20th of march 1903. though his humorous verses were most attractive to the public, leland was a serious student of folk-lore, particularly of the gipsies, his writings on the latter (_the english gypsies and their language_, 1872; _the gypsies_, 1882; _gypsy sorcery and fortune-telling_ ..., 1891, &c.) being recognized as valuable contributions to the literature of the subject. he was president of the first european folk-lore congress, held in paris in 1889. his other publications include _poetry and mystery of dreams_ (1855), _meister karl's sketch-book_ (1855), _pictures of travel_ (1856), _sunshine in thought_ (1862), _heine's book of songs_ (1862), _the music lesson of confucius_ (1870), _egyptian sketch-book_ (1873), _abraham lincoln_ (1879), _the minor arts_ (1880), _algonquin legends of new england_ (1884), _songs of the sea and lays of the land_ (1895), _hans breitmann in tyrol_ (1895), _one hundred profitable acts_ (1897), _unpublished legends of vergil_ (1899), _kuloskap the master, and other algonquin poems_ (1903, with j. dyneley prince). see his _memoirs_ (2 vols., 1893), and e. r. pennell, _c. g. leland_ (1906). leland (leyland or laylonde), john (c. 1506-1552), english antiquary, was born in london on the 13th of september, probably in 1506. he owed his education at st paul's school under william lilly, and at christ's college, cambridge, to the kindness of a patron, thomas myles. he graduated at cambridge in 1521, and subsequently studied at all souls college, oxford, and in paris under francois dubois (sylvius). on his return to england he took holy orders. he had been tutor to lord thomas howard, son of the 3rd duke of norfolk, and to francis hastings, afterwards earl of huntingdon. meanwhile his learning had recommended him to henry viii., who presented him to the rectory of peuplingues in the marches of calais in 1530. he was already librarian and chaplain to the king, and in 1533 he received a novel commission under the great seal as king's antiquary, with power to search for records, manuscripts and relics of antiquity in all the cathedrals, colleges and religious houses of england. probably from 1534, and definitely from 1536 onwards to 1542, he was engaged on an antiquarian tour through england and wales. he sought to preserve the mss. scattered at the dissolution of the monasteries, but his powers did not extend to the actual collection of mss. some valuable additions, however, he did procure for the king's library, chiefly from the abbey of st augustine at canterbury. he had received a special dispensation permitting him to absent himself from his rectory of peuplingues in 1536, and on his return from his itinerary he received the rectory of haseley in oxfordshire; his support of the church policy of henry and cranmer being further rewarded by a canonry and prebend of king's college (now christ church), oxford, and a prebend of salisbury. in a _strena henrico_[1] (pr. 1546), addressed to henry viii. in 1545, he proposed to execute from the materials which he had collected in his journeys a topography of england, an account of the adjacent islands, an account of the british nobility, and a great history of the antiquities of the british isles. he toiled over his papers at his house in the parish of st michael le querne, cheapside, london, but he was not destined to complete these great undertakings, for he was certified insane in march 1550, and died on the 18th of april 1552. leland was an exact observer, and a diligent student of local chronicles. the bulk of his work remained in ms. at the time of his death, and various copies were made, one by john stowe in 1576. after passing through various hands the greater part of leland's mss. were deposited by william burton, the historian of leicestershire, in the bodleian at oxford. they had in the meantime been freely used by other antiquaries, notably by john bale, william camden and sir william dugdale. the account of his journey in england and wales in eight ms. quarto volumes received its name _the itinerary of john leland_ from thomas burton and was edited by thomas hearne (9 vols., oxford, 1710-1712; other editions in 1745 and 1770). the scattered portions dealing with wales were re-edited by miss l. toulmin smith in 1907. his other most important work, the _collectanea_, in four folio ms. volumes, was also published by hearne (6 vols., oxford, 1715). his _commentarii de scriptoribus britannicis_, which had been used and distorted by his friend john bale, was edited by anthony hall (2 vols., oxford, 1709). some of leland's mss., which formerly belonged to sir robert cotton, passed into the possession of the british museum. he was a latin poet of some merit, his most famous piece being the _cygneo cantio_ (1545) in honour of henry viii. many of his minor works are included in hearne's editions of the _itinerary_ and the _collectanea_. for accounts of leland see john bale, _catalogus_ (1557); anthony a wood, _athenae oxonienses_; w. huddesford, _lives of those eminent antiquaries john leland, thomas hearne and anthony a wood_ (oxford, 1772). a life of leland, attributed to edward burton (c. 1750), from the library of sir thomas phillipps, printed in 1896 contains a bibliography. see also the biography by sidney lee, in the _dict. nat. biog._ footnote: [1] re-edited in 1549 by john bale as _the laboryeuse journey and serche of j. leylande for englandes antiquitees geven of him for a neu yeares gifte, &c._, modern edition by w. a. copinger (manchester, 1895).