LAURENT

laurent, francois (1810-1887), belgian historian and jurisconsult, was born at luxemburg on the 8th of july 1810. he held a high appointment in the ministry of justice for some time before he became professor of civil law in the university of ghent in 1836. his advocacy of liberal and anti-clerical principles both from his chair and in the press made him bitter enemies, but he retained his position until his death on the 11th of february 1887. he treated the relations of church and state in _l'eglise et l'etat_ (brussels, 3 vols., 1858-1862; new and revised edition, 1865), and the same subject occupied a large proportion of the eighteen volumes of his chief historical work, _etudes sur l'histoire de l'humanite_ (ghent and brussels, 1855-1870), which aroused considerable interest beyond the boundaries of belgium. his fame as a lawyer rests on his authoritative exposition of the code napoleon in his _principes de droit civil_ (brussels, 33 vols., 1869-1878), and his _droit civil international_ (brussels, 8 vols., 1880-1881). he was charged in 1879 by the minister of justice with the preparation of a report on the proposed revision of the civil code. besides his anti-clerical pamphlets his minor writings include much discussion of social questions, of the organization of savings banks, asylums, &c., and he founded the _societe callier_ for the encouragement of thrift among the working classes. with gustave callier, whose funeral in 1863 was made the occasion of a display of clerical intolerance, laurent had much in common, and the efforts of the society were directed to the continuation of callier's philanthropic schemes. for a complete list of his works, see g. koninck, _bibliographie nationale_ (brussels, vol. ii., 1892).