L1500

l1500, being presented to him in the form of a clock and a cheque at lord's ground by lord charles russell on the 22nd of july 1879; the second, collected by the m.c.c., the county of gloucestershire, the _daily telegraph_ and the _sportsman_, amounted to about l10,000, and was presented to him in 1896. he visited australia in 1873-1874 (captain), and in 1891-1892 with lord sheffield's eleven (captain); the united states and canada in 1872, with r. a. fitzgerald's team. dr grace played his first great match in 1863, when, being only fifteen years of age, he scored 32 against the all-england eleven and the bowling of jackson, tarrant and tinley; but the scores which first made his name prominent were made in 1864, viz. 170 and 56 not out for the south wales club against the gentlemen of sussex. it was in 1865 that he first took an active part in first-class cricket, being then 6 ft. in height, and 11 stone in weight, and playing twice for the gentlemen _v._ the players, but his selection was mainly due to his bowling powers, the best exposition of which was his aggregate of 13 wickets for 84 runs for the gentlemen of the south _v._ the players of the south. his highest score was 400 not out, made in july 1876 against twenty-two of grimsby; but on three occasions he was twice dismissed without scoring in matches against odds, a fate that never befell him in important cricket. in first-class matches his highest score was 344, made for the m.c.c. v. kent at canterbury, in august 1876; two days later he made 177 for gloucestershire _v._ notts, and two days after this 318 not out for gloucestershire _v._ yorkshire, the two last-named opposing counties being possessed of exceptionally strong bowling; thus in three consecutive innings grace scored 839 runs, and was only got out twice. his 344 was the third highest individual score made in a big match in england up to the end of 1901. he also scored 301 for gloucestershire _v._ sussex at bristol, in august 1896. he made over 200 runs on ten occasions, the most notable perhaps being in 1871, when he performed the feat twice, each time in benefit matches, and each time in the second innings, having been each time got out in the first over of the first innings. he scored over 100 runs on 121 occasions, the hundredth score being 288, made at bristol for gloucestershire _v._ somersetshire in 1895. he made every figure from 0 to 100, on one occasion "closing" the innings when he had made 93, the only total he had never made between these limits. in 1871 he made ten "centuries," ranging from 268 to 116. in the matches between the gentlemen and players he scored "three figures" fifteen times, and at every place where these matches have been played. he made over 100 in each of his "first appearances" at oxford and cambridge. three times he made over 100 in each innings of the same match, viz. at canterbury, in 1868, for south v. north of the thames, 130 and 102 not out; at clifton, in 1887, for gloucestershire _v._ kent, 101 and 103 not out; and at clifton, in 1888, for gloucestershire _v._ yorkshire, 148 and 153. in 1869, playing at the oval for the gentlemen of the south _v._ the players of the south, grace and b. b. cooper put on 283 runs for the first wicket, grace scoring 180 and cooper 101. in 1886 grace and scotton put on 170 runs for the first wicket of england _v._ australia; this occurred at the oval in august, and grace's total score was 170. in consecutive innings against the players from 1871 to 1873 he scored 217, 77 and 112, 117, 163, 158 and 70. he only twice scored over 100 in a big match in australia, nor did he ever make 200 at lord's, his highest being 196 for the m.c.c. _v._ cambridge university in 1894. his highest aggregates were 2739 (1871), 2622 (1876), 2346 (1895), 2139 (1873), 2135 (1896) and 2062 (1887). he scored three successive centuries in first-class cricket in 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874 and 1876. playing against kent at gravesend in 1895, he was batting, bowling or fielding during the whole time the game was in progress, his scores being 257 and 73 not out. he scored over 1000 runs and took over 100 wickets in seven different seasons, viz. in 1874, 1665 runs and 129 wickets; in 1875, 1498 runs, 192 wickets; in 1876, 2622 runs, 124 wickets; in 1877, 1474 runs, 179 wickets; in 1878, 1151 runs, 153 wickets; in 1885, 1688 runs, 118 wickets; in 1886, 1846 runs, 122 wickets. he never captured 200 wickets in a season, his highest record being 192 in 1875. playing against oxford university in 1886, he took all the wickets in the first innings, at a cost of 49 runs. in 1895 he not only made his hundredth century, but actually scored 1000 runs in the month of may alone, his chief scores in that month being 103, 288, 256, 73 and 169, he being then forty-seven years old. he also made during that year scores of 125, 119, 118, 104 and 103 not out, his aggregate for the year being 2346 and his average 51; his innings of 118 was made against the players (at lord's), the chief bowlers being richardson, mold, peel and attewell; he scored level with his partner, a. e. stoddart (his junior by fifteen years), the pair making 151 before a wicket fell, grace making in all 118 out of 241. this may fairly be considered one of his most wonderful years. in 1898 the match between gentlemen _v._ players was, as a special compliment, arranged by the m.c.c. committee to take place on his birthday, and he celebrated the event by scoring 43 and 31 not out, though handicapped by lameness and an injured hand. in twenty-six different seasons he scored over 1000 runs, in three of these years being the only man to do so and five times being one out of two. during the thirty-six years up to and including 1900 he scored nearly 51,000 runs, with an average of 43; and in bowling he took more than 2800 wickets, at an average cost of about 20 runs per wicket. he made his highest aggregate (2739 runs) and had his highest average (78) in 1871; his average for the decade 1868-1877 was 57 runs. his style as a batsman was more commanding than graceful, but as to its soundness and efficacy there were never two opinions; the severest criticism ever passed upon his powers was to the effect that he did not play slow bowling quite as well as fast. (w. j. f.) grace (fr. _grace_, lat. _gratia_, from _gratus_, beloved, pleasing; formed from the root _cra-_, gr. [greek: chas-] cf. [greek: chairo, charma, charis]), a word of many shades of meaning, but always connoting the idea of favour, whether that in which one stands to others or that which one shows to others. the _new english dictionary_ groups the meanings of the word under three main heads: (1) pleasing quality, gracefulness, (2) favour, goodwill, (3) gratitude, thanks. it is in the second general sense of "favour bestowed" that the word has its most important connotations. in this sense it means something given by superior authority as a concession made of favour and goodwill, not as an obligation or of right. thus, a concession may be made by a sovereign or other public authority "by way of grace." previous to the revolution of 1688 such concessions on the part of the crown were known in constitutional law as "graces." "letters of grace" (_gratiae, gratiosa rescripta_) is the name given to papal rescripts granting special privileges, indulgences, exemptions and the like. in the language of the universities the word still survives in a shadow of this sense. the word "grace" was originally a dispensation granted by the congregation of the university, or by one of the faculties, from some statutable conditions required for a degree. in the english universities these conditions ceased to be enforced, and the "grace" thus became an essential preliminary to any degree; so that the word has acquired the meaning of (_a_) the licence granted by congregation to take a degree, (_b_) other decrees of the governing body (originally dispensations from statutes), all such degrees being called "graces" at cambridge, (_c_) the permission which a candidate for a degree must obtain from his college or hall. to this general sense of exceptional favour belong the uses of the word in such phrases as "do me this grace," "to be in some one's good graces" and certain meanings of "the grace of god." the style "by the grace of god," borne by the king of great britain and ireland among other sovereigns, though, as implying the principle of "legitimacy," it has been since the revolution sometimes qualified on the continent by the addition of "and the will of the people," means in effect no more than the "by divine providence," which is the style borne by archbishops. to the same general sense of exceptional favour belong the phrases implying the concession of a right to delay in fulfilling certain obligations, e.g. "a fortnight's grace." in law the "days of grace" are the period allowed for the payment of a bill of exchange, after the term for which it has been drawn (in england three days), or for the payment of an insurance premium, &c. in religious language the "day of grace" is the period still open to the sinner in which to repent. in the sense of clemency or mercy, too, "grace" is still, though rarely used: "an act of grace" is a formal pardon or a free and general pardon granted by act of parliament. since to grant favours is the prerogative of the great, "your grace," "his grace," &c., became dutiful paraphrases for the simple "you" and "he." formerly used in the royal address ("the king's grace," &c.), the style is in england now confined to dukes and archbishops, though the style of "his most gracious majesty" is still used. in germany the equivalent, _euer gnaden_, is the style of princes who are not _durchlaucht_ (i.e. serene highness), and is often used as a polite address to any superior. in the language of theology, though in the english bible the word is used in several of the above senses, "grace" (gr. [greek: charis]) has special meanings. above all, it signifies the spontaneous, unmerited activity of the divine love in the salvation of sinners, and the divine influence operating in man for his regeneration and sanctification. those thus regenerated and sanctified are said to be in a "state of grace." in the new testament grace is the forgiving mercy of god, as opposed to any human merit (rom. xi. 6; eph. ii. 5; col. i. 6, &c.); it is applied also to certain gifts of god freely bestowed, e.g. miracles, tongues, &c. (rom. xv. 15; 1 cor. xv. 10; eph. iii. 8, &c.), to the christian virtues, gifts of god also, e.g. charity, holiness, &c. (2 cor. viii. 7; 2 pet. iii. 18). it is also used of the gospel generally, as opposed to the law (john i. 17; rom. vi. 14; 1 pet. v. 12, &c.); connected with this is the use of the term "year of grace" for a year of the christian era. the word "grace" is the central subject of three great theological controversies: (1) that of the nature of human depravity and regeneration (see pelagius), (2) that of the relation between grace and free-will (see calvin, john, and arminius, jacobus), (3) that of the "means of grace" between catholics and protestants, i.e. whether the efficacy of the sacraments as channels of the divine grace is _ex opere operato_ or dependent on the faith of the recipient. in the third general sense, of thanks for favours bestowed, "grace" survives as the name for the thanksgiving before or after meals. the word was originally used in the plural, and "to do, give, render, yield graces" was said, in the general sense of the french _rendre graces_ or latin _gratias agere_, of any giving thanks. the close, and finally exclusive, association of the phrase "to say grace" with thanksgiving at meals was possibly due to the formula "gratias deo agamus" ("let us give thanks to god") with which the ceremony began in monastic refectories. the custom of saying grace, which obtained in pre-christian times among the jews, greeks and romans, and was adopted universally by christian peoples, is probably less widespread in private houses than it used to be. it is, however, still maintained at public dinners and also in schools, colleges and institutions generally. such graces are generally in latin and of great antiquity: they are sometimes short, e.g. "laus deo," "benedictus benedicat," and sometimes, as at the oxford and cambridge colleges, of considerable length. in some countries grace has sunk to a polite formula; in germany, e.g. it is usual before and after meals to bow to one's neighbours and say "gesegnete malzeit!" (may your meal be blessed), a phrase often reduced in practice to "malzeit" simply.