{
    "system": "GoGuides Verified Text",
    "api_version": "verified-text-v1",
    "status": "ok",
    "response_type": "verified_text_record",
    "source_key": "britannica_1911",
    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
    "license_code": "public_domain",
    "attribution": null,
    "license_url": null,
    "chunk_id": "1911:kuruman:93d827af5099",
    "title": "KURUMAN",
    "section": null,
    "hash_alg": "sha256",
    "hash_sha256": "608a96cc245cbbb188046d2f3b3430a40fee4390a2389c59ed5afee64275db51",
    "normalizer": {
        "name": "ggnorm",
        "version": "1.0"
    },
    "verified_text": "kuruman, a town in the bechuanaland division of cape colony, 120 m. n.w. of kimberley and 85 m. s.w. of vryburg. it is a station of the london missionary society, founded in 1818, and from 1821 to 1870 was the scene of the labours of robert moffat (q.v.) who here translated the bible into the bechuana tongue. in the middle period of the 19th century kuruman was the rendezvous of all travellers going north or south. of these the best known is david livingstone. the trunk railway line passing considerably to the east of the town, kuruman is no longer a place of much importance. it is pleasantly situated on the upper course of the kuruman river, being beautified by gardens and orchards, and presents a striking contrast to the desert conditions of the surrounding country. its name is that of the son and heir of mosilikatze, the founder of the matabele nation. kuruman disappeared during his father's lifetime and the succession passed to lobengula (see rhodesia: _history_). in november 1899 the town was besieged by a boer force. the garrison, less than a hundred strong, held out for six weeks against over 1000 of the enemy, but was forced to surrender on the 1st of january 1900. in june following it was reoccupied by the british. kurumbas and kurubas, aboriginal tribes of southern india, by some thought to be of distinct races. there are two types of kurumbas, those who live on the nilgiri plateau, speak the kurumba dialect and are mere savages; and those who live in the plains, speak kanarese and are civilized. the former are a small people, with wild matted hair and scanty beard, sickly-looking, pot-bellied, large-mouthed, with projecting jaws, prominent teeth and thick lips. their villages are called _mottas_, groups of four or five huts, built in mountain glens or forests. at the 1901 census the numbers were returned at 4083. see james w. breeks, _an account of primitive tribes of the nilgiris_ (1873); dr john shortt, _hill ranges of southern india_, pt. i. 47-53; rev. f. metz, _tribes inhabiting the neilgherry hills_ (mangalore, 1864).",
    "source_url": "https://archive.org/details/EB1911WMF",
    "observed_at": "2026-02-08 18:43:13",
    "integrity": {
        "hash_check": "match",
        "hash_scope": "full_normalized_text",
        "computed_sha256": "608a96cc245cbbb188046d2f3b3430a40fee4390a2389c59ed5afee64275db51"
    },
    "machine_use": {
        "read": true,
        "cite": true,
        "decision": "verified_public_domain_text"
    },
    "goguides_data_license": "https://www.goguides.com/data-license",
    "goguides_data_license_version": "2.0",
    "documentation": {
        "white_paper_url": "https://www.goguides.com/white-paper.php",
        "pdf_url": "https://www.goguides.com/whitepapers/goguides-ai-source-clearance-white-paper.pdf"
    }
}