KOSHER

kosher, or kasher (hebrew clean, right, or fit), the jewish term for any food or vessels for food made ritually fit for use, in contradistinction to those _pasul_, unfit, and _terefah_, forbidden. thus the vessels used at the passover are "kosher," as are also new metal vessels bought from a gentile after they have been washed in a ritual bath. but the term is specially used of meat slaughtered in accordance with the law of moses. the _schochat_ or butcher must be a devout jew and of high moral character, and be duly licensed by the chief rabbi. the slaughtering--the object of which is to insure the complete bleeding of the body, the jews being forbidden to eat blood--is done by severing the windpipe with a long and razor-sharp knife by one continuous stroke backwards and forwards. no unnecessary force is permitted, and no stoppage must occur during the operation. the knife is then carefully examined, and if there be the slightest flaw in its blade the meat cannot be eaten, as the cut would not have been clean, the uneven blade causing a thrill to pass through the beast and thus driving the blood again through the arteries. after this every portion of the animal is thoroughly examined, for if there is any organic disease the devout jew cannot taste the meat. in order to soften meat before it is salted, so as to allow the salt to extract the blood more freely, the meat is soaked in water for about half an hour. it is then covered with salt for about an hour and afterwards washed three times. kosher meat is labelled with the name of the slaughterer and the date of killing. koslin, or coslin, a town of germany, in the prussian province of pomerania, at the foot of the gollenberg (450 ft.), 5 m. from the baltic, and 105 m. n.e. of stettin by rail. pop. (1905), 21,474. the town has two evangelical and a roman catholic church, a gymnasium, a cadet academy and a deaf and dumb asylum. in the large market place is the statue of the prussian king frederick william i., erected in 1824, and there is a war memorial on the friedrich wilhelm platz. the industries include the manufacture of soap, tobacco, machinery, paper, bricks and tiles, beer and other goods. koslin was built about 1188 by the saxons, and raised to the rank of a town in 1266. in 1532 it accepted the doctrines of the reformation. it was severely tried in the thirty years' war and in the seven years' war, and in 1720 it was burned down. on the gollenberg stands a monument to the memory of the pomeranians who fell in the war of 1813-15.