KERNER

kerner, justinus andreas christian (1786-1862), german poet and medical writer, was born on the 18th of september 1786 at ludwigsburg in wurttemberg. after attending the classical schools of ludwigsburg and maulbronn, he was apprenticed in a cloth factory, but, in 1804, owing to the good services of professor karl philipp conz (1762-1827) of tubingen, was enabled to enter the university there; he studied medicine but had also time for literary pursuits in the company of uhland, gustav schwab and others. he took his doctor's degree in 1808, spent some time in travel, and then settled as a practising physician in wildbad. here he completed his _reiseschatten von dem schattenspieler luchs_ (1811), in which his own experiences are described with caustic humour. he next co-operated with uhland and schwab in producing the _poetischer almanack fur 1812_, which was followed by the _deutscher dichterwald_ (1813), and in these some of kerner's best poems were published. in 1815 he obtained the official appointment of district medical officer (_oberamtsarzt_) in gaildorf, and in 1818 was transferred in a like capacity to weinsberg, where he spent the rest of his life. his house, the site of which at the foot of the historical schloss weibertreu was presented by the municipality to their revered physician, became the mecca of literary pilgrims. hospitable welcome was extended to all, from the journeyman artisan to crowned heads. gustavus iv. of sweden came thither with a knapsack on his back. the poets count christian friedrich alexander von wurttemberg (1801-1844) and lenau (q.v.) were constant guests, and thither came also in 1826 friederike hauffe (1801-1829), the daughter of a forester in prevorst, a somnambulist and clairvoyante, who forms the subject of kerner's famous work _die seherin von prevorst, eroffnungen uber das innere leben des menschen und uber das hineinragen einer geisterwelt in die unsere_ (1829; 6th ed., 1892). in 1826 he published a collection of _gedichte_ which were later supplemented by _der letzte blutenstrauss_ (1852) and _winterbluten_ (1859). among others of his well-known poems are the charming ballad _der reichste furst_; a drinking song, _wohlauf, noch getrunken_, and the pensive _wanderer in der sagemuhle_. in addition to his literary productions, kerner wrote some popular medical books of great merit, dealing with animal magnetism, a treatise on the influence of sebacic acid on animal organisms, _das fettgift oder die fettsaure und ihre wirkungen auf den tierischen organismus_ (1822); a description of wildbad and its healing waters, _das wildbad im konigreich wurttemberg_ (1813); while he gave a pretty and vivid account of his youthful years in _bilderbuch aus meiner knabenzeit_ (1859); and in _die besturmung der wurttembergischen stadt weinsberg im jahre 1525_ (1820), showed considerable skill in historical narrative. in 1851 he was compelled, owing to increasing blindness, to retire from his medical practice, but he lived, carefully tended by his daughters, at weinsberg until his death on the 21st of february 1862. he was buried beside his wife, who had predeceased him in 1854, in the churchyard of weinsberg, and the grave is marked by a stone slab with an inscription he himself had chosen: _friederike kerner und ihr justinus_. kerner was one of the most inspired poets of the swabian school. his poems, which largely deal with natural phenomena, are characterized by a deep melancholy and a leaning towards the supernatural, which, however, is balanced by a quaint humour, reminiscent of the volkslied. kerner's _ausgewahlte poetische werke_ appeared in 2 vols. (1878); _samtliche poetische werke_, ed. by j. gaismaier, 4 vols. (1905); a selection of his poems will also be found in reclam's _universalbibliothek_ (1898). his correspondence was edited by his son in 1897. see also d. f. strauss, _kleine schriften_ (1866); a. reinhard, _j. kerner und das kernerhaus zu weinsberg_ (1862; 2nd ed., 1886); g. rumelin, _reden und aufsatze_, vol. iii. (1894); m. niethammer (kerner's daughter), _j. kerners jugendliebe und mein vaterhaus_ (1877); a. watts, _life and works of kerner_ (london, 1884); t. kerner, _das kernerhaus und seine gaste_ (1894).