JUNGFRAU

jungfrau, a well-known swiss mountain (13,669 ft.), admirably seen from interlaken. it rises on the frontier between the cantons of bern and of the valais, and is reckoned among the peaks of the bernese oberland, two of which (the finsteraarhorn, 14,026 ft., and the aletschhorn, 13,721 ft.) surpass it in height. it was first ascended in 1811 by the brothers meyer, and again in 1812 by gottlieb meyer (son of j. r. meyer), in both cases by the eastern or valais side, the foot of which (the final ascent being made by the 1811-1812 route) was reached in 1828 over the monchjoch by six peasants from grindelwald. in 1841 principal j. d. forbes, with agassiz, desor and du chatelier, made the fourth ascent by the 1812 route. it was not till 1865 that sir george young and the rev. h. b. george succeeded in making the first ascent from the west or interlaken side. this is a far more difficult route than that from the east, the latter being now frequently taken in the course of the summer. (w. a. b. c.) jungle (sans. _jangala_), an anglo-indian term for a forest, a thicket, a tangled wilderness. the hindustani word means strictly waste, uncultivated ground; then such ground covered with trees or long grass; and thence again the anglo-indian application is to forest or other wild growth, rather than to the fact that it is not cultivated.