JOYEUSE

joyeuse, a small town in the department of ardeche, france, situated on the baume, a tributary of the ardeche, is historically important as having been the seat of a noble french family which derived its name from it. the lordship of joyeuse came, in the 13th century, into the possession of the house of chateauneuf-randon, and was made into a viscountship in 1432. guillaume, viscount of joyeuse, was bishop of alet, but afterwards left the church, and became a marshal of france; he died in 1592. his eldest son anne de joyeuse (1561-1587), was one of the favourites of henry iii. of france, who created him duke and peer (1581), admiral of france (1582), and governor of normandy (1586), and married him to marguerite de lorraine-vaudemont, younger sister of the queen. he gained several successes against the huguenots, but was recalled by court intrigues at an inopportune moment, and when he marched a second time against henry of navarre he was defeated and killed at coutras. guillaume had three other sons: francois de joyeuse (d. 1615), cardinal and archbishop of narbonne, toulouse and rouen, who brought about the reconciliation of henry iv. with the pope; henri, count of bouchage, and later duke of joyeuse, who first entered the army, then became a capuchin under the name of pere ange, left the church and became a marshal of france, and finally re-entered the church, dying in 1608; antoine scipion, grand prior of toulouse in the order of the knights of malta, who was one of the leaders in the league, and died in the retreat of villemur (1592). henriette catherine de joyeuse, daughter of henri, married in 1611 charles of lorraine, duke of guise, to whom she brought the duchy of joyeuse. on the death of her great-grandson, francois joseph de lorraine, duke of guise, in 1675, without issue, the duchy of joyeuse was declared extinct, but it was revived in 1714, in favour of louis de melun, prince of epinoy. (m. p.*) joyeuse entree, a famous charter of liberty granted to brabant by duke john iii. in 1354. john summoned the representatives of the cities of the duchy to louvain to announce to them the marriage of his daughter and heiress jeanne of brabant to wenceslaus duke of luxemburg, and he offered them liberal concessions in order to secure their assent to the change of dynasty. john iii. died in 1355, and wenceslaus and jeanne on the occasion of their state entry into brussels solemnly swore to observe all the provisions of the charter, which had been drawn up. from the occasion on which it was first proclaimed this charter has since been known in history as _la joyeuse entree_. by this document the dukes of brabant undertook to maintain the integrity of the duchy, and not to wage war, make treaties, or impose taxes without the consent of their subjects, as represented by the municipalities. all members of the duke's council were to be native-born brabanters. this charter became the model for other provinces and the bulwark of the liberties of the netherlands. its provisions were modified from time to time, but remained practically unchanged from the reign of charles v. onwards. the ill-advised attempt of the emperor joseph ii. in his reforming zeal to abrogate the _joyeuse entree_ caused a revolt in brabant, before which he had to yield. see e. poullet, _la joyeuse entree, ou constitution brabanconne_ (1862).