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    "source_key": "britannica_1911",
    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:joffrin:0aedbc9e5b1e",
    "title": "JOFFRIN",
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    "verified_text": "joffrin, jules francois alexandre (1846-1890), french politician, was born at troyes on the 16th of march 1846. he served in the franco-german war, was involved in the commune, and spent eleven years in england as a political exile. he attached himself to the \"possibilist\" group of the socialist party, the section opposed to the root-and-branch measures of jules guesde. he became a member of the municipal council of paris in 1882, and vice-president in 1888-1889. violently attacked by the boulangist organs, _l'intransigeant_ and _la france_, he won a suit against them for libel, and in 1889 he contested the 18th arrondissement of paris with general boulanger, who obtained a majority of over 2000 votes, but was declared ineligible. joffrin was only admitted to the chamber after a heated discussion, and continued to be attacked by the nationalists. he died in paris on the 17th of september 1890.",
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