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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "verified_text": "jebb, sir richard claverhouse (1841-1905), english classical scholar, was born at dundee on the 27th of august 1841. his father was a well-known barrister, and his grandfather a judge. he was educated at charterhouse and at trinity college, cambridge. he won the porson and craven scholarships, was senior classic in 1862, and became fellow and tutor of his college in 1863. from 1869 to 1875 he was public orator of the university; professor of greek at glasgow from 1875 to 1889, and at cambridge from 1889 till his death on the 9th of december 1905. in 1891 he was elected member of parliament for cambridge university; he was knighted in 1900. jebb was acknowledged to be one of the most brilliant classical scholars of his time, a humanist in the best sense, and his powers of translation from and into the classical languages were unrivalled. a collected volume, _translations into greek and latin_, appeared in 1873 (ed. 1909). he was the recipient of many honorary degrees from european and american universities, and in 1905 was made a member of the order of merit. he married in 1874 the widow of general a. j. slemmer, of the united states army, who survived him. jebb was the author of numerous publications, of which the following are the most important: the _characters_ of theophrastus (1870), text, introduction, english translation and commentary (re-edited by j. e. sandys, 1909); _the attic orators from antiphon to isaeus_ (2nd ed., 1893), with companion volume, _selections from the attic orators_ (2nd ed., 1888); _bentley_ (1882); _sophocles_ (3rd ed., 1893) the seven plays, text, english translation and notes, the promised edition of the fragments being prevented by his death; _bacchylides_ (1905), text, translation, and notes; _homer_ (3rd ed., 1888), an introduction to the _iliad_ and _odyssey_; _modern greece_ (1901); _the growth and influence of classical greek poetry_ (1893). his translation of the _rhetoric_ of aristotle was published posthumously under the editorship of j. e. sandys (1909). a selection from his _essays and addresses_, and a subsequent volume, _life and letters of sir richard claverhouse jebb_ (with critical introduction by a. w. verrall) were published by his widow in 1907; see also an appreciative notice by j. e. sandys, _hist. of classical scholarship_, iii. (1908). jebeil (anc. _gebal-byblus_), a town of syria pleasantly situated on a slight eminence near the sea, about 20 m. n. of beirut. it is surrounded by a wall 11⁄2 m. in circumference, with square towers at the angles, and a castle at the south-east corner. numerous broken granite columns in the gardens and vineyards that surround the town, with the number of ruined houses within the walls, testify to its former importance. the stele of jehawmelek, king of gebal, found here, is one of the most important of phoenician monuments. the small port is almost choked up with sand and ruins. pop. 3000, all moslems. the inhabitants of the phoenician gebal and greek byblus were renowned as stonecutters and ship-builders. arrian (ii. 20. 1) represents enylus, king of byblus, as joining alexander with a fleet, after that monarch had captured the city. philo of byblus makes it the most ancient city of phoenicia, founded by cronus, i.e. the moloch who appears from the stele of jehawmelek to have been with baalit the chief deity of the city. according to plutarch (_mor._ 357), the ark with the corpse of osiris was cast ashore at byblus, and there found by isis. the orgies of adonis in the temple of baalit (aphrodite byblia) are described by lucian, _de dea syr._, cap. vi. the river adonis is the nahr al-ibrahim, which flows near the town. the crusaders, after failing before it in 1099, captured \"giblet\" in 1103, but lost it again to saladin in 1189. under mahommedan rule it has gradually decayed. (d. g. h.) jebel (plur. _jibal_), also written gebel with hard _g_ (plur. _gibal_), an arabic word meaning a mountain or a mountain chain. it is frequently used in place-names. the french transliteration of the word is _djebel_. _jebeli_ signifies a mountaineer. the pronunciation with a hard _g_ sound is that used in the egyptian dialect of arabic.",
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