ISOXAZOLES

isoxazoles, monazole chemical compounds corresponding to furfurane, in which the [-=]ch group adjacent to the oxygen atom is replaced by a nitrogen atom, and therefore they contain the ring system hc = n | \ | o. | / hc = ch they may be prepared by the elimination of water from the monoximes of [beta]-diketones, [beta]-ketone aldehydes or oxymethylene ketones (l. claisen, _ber._, 1891, 24, p. 3906), the general reaction proceeding according to the equation r.co.ch2.co.r + h2n.oh = 2h2o + r.c = n | \ | o. | / hc = c--r w. dunstan and t. s. dymond (_jour. chem. soc._, 1891, 49, p. 410) have also prepared isoxazoles by the action of alkalis on nitroparaffins, but have not been able to obtain the parent substance. those isoxazoles in which the carbon atom adjacent to nitrogen is substituted are stable compounds, but if this is not the case, rearrangement of the molecule takes place and nitriles are formed. the isoxazoles are feebly basic. the _isoxazolones_ are the keto derivatives of the as yet unknown dihydroisoxazole, and are compounds of strongly acid nature, decomposing the carbonates of the alkaline earth metals and forming salts with metals and with ammonia. their constitution is not yet definitely fixed and they may be regarded as derived from one of the three types ch2--c hc--co hc = c(oh) | \ || \ | \ | o; || o; | o. | / || / | / ch = n hc--nh hc = n--- by the action of nitrous acid on the oxime of o-aminobenzophenone as [alpha]-phenyl indoxazene, c--c6h5 / \\ c6h4 n, \ / o is obtained; this is a derivative of benzisoxazole. israel (hebrew for "god strives" or "rules"; see gen. xxxii. 28; and the allusion in hosea xii. 4), the national designation of the jews. israel was a name borne by their ancestor jacob the father of the twelve tribes. for some centuries the term was applied to the northern kingdom, as distinct from judah, although the feeling of national unity extended it so as to include both. it emphasizes more particularly the position of the hebrews as a religious community, bound together by common aims and by their covenant-relation with the national god, yahweh. see further jacob, hebrew language, hebrew religion, jews: _history_ and _palestine_.