HURD

hurd, richard (1720-1808), english divine and writer, bishop of worcester, was born at congreve, in the parish of penkridge, staffordshire, where his father was a farmer, on the 13th of january 1720. he was educated at the grammar-school of brewood and at emmanuel college, cambridge. he took his b.a. degree in 1739, and in 1742 he proceeded m.a. and became a fellow of his college. in the same year he was ordained deacon, and given charge of the parish of reymerston, norfolk, but he returned to cambridge early in 1743. he was ordained priest in 1744. in 1748 he published some _remarks_ on an _enquiry into the rejection of christian miracles by the heathens_ (1746), by william weston, a fellow of st john's college, cambridge. he prepared editions, which won the praise of edward gibbon,[1] of the _ars poetica_ and _epistola ad pisones_ (1749), and the _epistola ad augustum_ (1751) of horace. a compliment in the preface to the edition of 1749 was the starting-point of a lasting friendship with william warburton, through whose influence he was appointed one of the preachers at whitehall in 1750. in 1765 he was appointed preacher at lincoln's inn, and in 1767 he became archdeacon of gloucester. in 1768 he proceeded d.d. at cambridge, and delivered at lincoln's inn the first warburton lectures, which were published later (1772) as _an introduction to the study of the prophecies concerning the christian church_. he became bishop of lichfield and coventry in 1774, and two years later was selected to be tutor to the prince of wales and the duke of york. in 1781 he was translated to the see of worcester. he lived chiefly at hartlebury castle, where he built a fine library, to which he transferred alexander pope's and warburton's books, purchased on the latter's death. he was extremely popular at court, and in 1783, on the death of archbishop cornwallis, the king pressed him to accept the primacy, but hurd, who was known, says madame d'arblay, as "the beauty of holiness," declined it as a charge not suited to his temper and talents, and much too heavy for him to sustain. he died, unmarried, on the 28th of may 1808. hurd's _letters on chivalry and romance_ (1762) retain a certain interest for their importance in the history of the romantic movement, which they did something to stimulate. they were written in continuation of a dialogue on the age of queen elizabeth included in his _moral and political dialogues_ (1759). two later dialogues _on the uses of foreign travel_ were printed in 1763. hurd wrote two acrimonious defences of warburton: _on the delicacy of friendship_ (1755), in answer to dr j. jortin; and a _letter_ (1764) to dr thomas leland, who had criticized warburton's _doctrine of grace_. he edited the _works_ of william warburton, the _select works_ (1772) of abraham cowley, and left materials for an edition (6 vols., 1811) of addison. his own works appeared in a collected edition in 8 vols. in 1811. the chief sources for bishop hurd's biography are "dates of some occurrences in the life of the author," written by himself and prefixed to vol. i. of his works (1811); "memoirs of dr hurd" in the _ecclesiastical and university ... register_ (1809), pp. 399-452; john nichols, _literary anecdotes_, vol. vi. (1812), pp. 468-612; francis kilvert, _memoirs of ... richard hurd_ (1860), giving selections from hurd's commonplace book, some correspondence, and extracts from contemporary accounts of the bishop. a review of this work, entitled "bishop hurd and his contemporaries," appeared in the _north british review_, vol. xxxiv. (1861), pp. 375-398. footnote: [1] "examination of dr hurd's commentary on horace's epistles" (_misc. works_, ed. john, lord sheffield, 1837, pp. 403-427). hurdle (o. eng. _hyrdel_, cognate with such teutonic forms as ger. _hurde_, dutch _horde_, eng. "hoarding"; in pre-teutonic languages the word appears in gr. [greek: kurtia], wickerwork, [greek: kurte], lat. _cratis_, basket, cf. "crate," "grate"), a movable temporary fence, formed of a framework of light timber, wattled with smaller pieces of hazel, willow or other pliable wood, or constructed on the plan of a light five-barred field gate, filled in with brushwood. similar movable frames can be made of iron, wire or other material. a construction of the same type is used in military engineering and fortification as a foundation for a temporary roadway across boggy ground or as a backing for earthworks.