HUMPERDINCK

humperdinck, engelbert (1854- ), german musical composer, was born at siegburg, in the rhine province, and studied under f. hiller at cologne, and f. lachner and j. rheinberger at munich. in 1879, by means of a scholarship, he went to italy, where he met wagner at naples; and on the latter's invitation he went to bayreuth and helped to produce _parsifal_ there next year. he travelled for the next few years in italy and spain but in 1890 became a professor at frankfort, where he remained till 1896. in 1900 he became the head of a school in berlin. his fame as a composer was made by his charming children's opera _hansel und gretel_ in 1893, founded very largely (like his later operas) on folk-tunes; but his works also include other forms of music, in all of which his mastery of technique is apparent. humphrey (or humfrey), lawrence (1527?-1590), president of magdalen college, oxford, and dean successively of gloucester and winchester, was born at newport pagnel. he was elected demy of magdalen college in 1546 and fellow in 1548. he graduated b.a. in 1549, m.a. in 1552, and b.d. and d.d. in 1562. he was noted as one of the most promising pupils of peter martyr, and on mary's accession obtained leave from his college to travel abroad. he lived at basel, zurich, frankfort and geneva, making the acquaintance of the leading swiss divines, whose ecclesiastical views he adopted. his leave of absence having expired in 1556, he ceased to be fellow of magdalen. he returned to england at elizabeth's accession, was appointed regius professor of divinity at oxford in 1560, and was recommended by archbishop parker and others for election as president of magdalen. the fellows refused at first to elect so pronounced a reformer, but they yielded in 1561, and humphrey gradually converted the college into a stronghold of puritanism. in 1564 he and his friend thomas sampson, dean of christ church, were called before parker for refusing to wear the prescribed ecclesiastical vestments; and a prolonged controversy broke out, in which bullinger and other foreign theologians took part as well as most of the leading divines in england. in spite of bullinger's advice, humphrey refused to conform; and parker wished to deprive him as well as sampson. but the presidency of magdalen was elective and the visitor of the college was not parker but the bishop of winchester; and humphrey escaped with temporary retirement. parker, in fact, was not supported by the council; in 1566 humphrey was selected to preach at st paul's cross, and was allowed to do so without the vestments. in the same year he took a prominent part in the ceremonies connected with elizabeth's visit to oxford. on this occasion he wore his doctor's gown and habit, which the queen told him "became him very well"; and his resistance now began to weaken. he yielded on the point before 1571 when he was made dean of gloucester. in 1578 he was one of the divines selected to attend a diet at schmalkalde to discuss the project of a theological accommodation between the lutheran and reformed churches; and in 1580 he was made dean of winchester. in 1585 he was persuaded by his bishop, cooper, to restore the use of surplices in magdalen college chapel. he died on the 1st of february 1590 and was buried in the college chapel, where there is a mural monument to his memory; a portrait is in magdalen college school. humphrey was a voluminous writer on theological and other subjects. at parker's desire he wrote a life of his friend and patron bishop jewel, which was published in 1573 and was also prefixed to the edition of jewel's works issued in 1600. one of his books against the jesuits was included in vol. iii. of the _doctrina jesuitarum per varios authores_, published at la rochelle (6 vols., 1585-1586). see bloxam's _register of magdalen college_, iv. 104-132; cooper's _athenae cantabrigienses_; wood's _athenae oxonienses_; gough's _index to parker soc. publ._; strype's _works: cal. state papers_ (dom. 1547-1590); _acts of the privy council_; burnet's _hist. ref._; collier's _eccles. hist._; dixon's _church hist._ vol. vi.; _dict. nat. biog._ (a. f. p.)