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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "title": "HOPE",
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    "verified_text": "hope, anthony, the pen-name of anthony hope hawkins (1863- ), british novelist, who was born on the 9th of february 1863, the second son of the rev. e. c. hawkins, vicar of st bride's, fleet street, london. he was educated at marlborough and balliol college, oxford, where he was president of the union society, and graduated with first classes in moderations and final schools. he was called to the bar at the middle temple in 1877. he soon began contributing stories and sketches to the _st james's gazette_, and in 1890 published his first novel, _a man of mark_. this was followed by _father stafford_ (1891), _mr witt's widow_ (1892), _change of air_ and _sport royal and other stories_ (1893). by this time he had attracted by his vivacious talent the attention of editors and readers; but it was not till the following year that he attained a great popular success with the publication (may 1894) of _the prisoner of zenda_. this was followed a few weeks later by _the dolly dialogues_ (previously published in separate instalments in the _westminster gazette_). both books became parents of a numerous progeny. _the prisoner of zenda_, owing something to the _prince otto_ of r. l. stevenson, established a fashion for what was christened, after its fictitious locality, \"ruritanian romance\"; while the _dolly dialogues_, inspired possibly by \"gyp\" and other french dialogue writers, was the forerunner of a whole school of epigrammatic drawing-room comedy. _the prisoner of zenda_, with mr alexander as \"rupert rassendyll,\" enjoyed a further success in a dramatized form at the st james's theatre, which did still more to popularize the author's fame. in 1894 also appeared _the god in the car_, a novel suggested by the ambiguous influence on english society of cecil rhodes's career; and _half a hero_, a complementary study of australian politics. the same year saw further the publication of _the indiscretion of the duchess_, in the style of the _dolly dialogues_, and of another collection of stories named (after the first) _the secret of wardale court_. in 1895 mr hawkins published _count antonio_, and contributed to _dialogues of the day_, edited by mr oswald crawfurd. _comedies of courtship_ and _the heart of the princess osra_ followed in 1896; _phroso_ in 1897; _simon dale_ and _rupert of hentzau_ (sequel of the _prisoner of zenda_) 1898; and _the king's mirror_, a ruritanian romance with an infusion of serious psychological interest, 1899. the author was advancing from his light comedy and gallant romantic inventions to the graver kind of fiction of which _the god in the car_ had been an earlier essay. _quisante_, published in 1900, was a study of english society face to face with a political genius of an alien type. _tristram of blent_ (1901) embodied an ethical study of family pride. _the intrusions of peggy_ reflected the effects on society of recent financial fashions. in 1904 he published _double harness_, and in 1905 _a servant of the public_, two novels of modern society, containing somewhat cynical pictures of the condition of marriage. with increasing gravity the novelist sacrificed some of the charm of his earlier irresponsible gaiety and buoyancy; but his art retained its wit and urbanity while it gained in grip of the social conditions of contemporary life. he wrote two plays, _the adventure of lady ursula_ (1898) and _pilkerton's peerage_ (1902), and his later novels include _the great miss driver_ (1908) and _second string_ (1909). mr hawkins's attractive and cultured style and command of plot give him a high place among the modern writers of english fiction. in 1903 he married miss elizabeth somerville sheldon of new york.",
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