HOEFNAGEL

hoefnagel, joris (1545-1601), dutch painter and engraver, the son of a diamond merchant, was born at antwerp. he travelled abroad, making drawings from archaeological subjects, and was a pupil of jan bol at mechlin. he was afterwards patronized by the elector of bavaria at munich, where he stayed eight years, and by the emperor rudolph at prague. he died at vienna in 1601. he is famous for his miniature work, especially on a missal in the imperial library at vienna; he painted animals and plants to illustrate works on natural history; and his engravings (especially for braun's _civitates orbis terrarum_, 1572, and ortelius's _theatrum orbis terrarum_, 1570) give him an interesting place among early topographical draughtsmen.