HILGENFELD

hilgenfeld, adolf bernhard christoph (1823-1907), german protestant divine, was born at stappenbeck near salzwedel in prussian saxony on the 2nd of june 1823. he studied at berlin and halle, and in 1890 became professor ordinarius of theology at jena. he belonged to the tubingen school. "fond of emphasizing his independence of baur, he still, in all important points, followed in the footsteps of his master; his method, which he is wont to contrast as _literarkritik_ with baur's _tendenzkritik_, is nevertheless essentially the same as baur's" (otto pfleiderer). on the whole, however, he modified the positions of the founder of the tubingen school, going beyond him only in his investigations into the fourth gospel. in 1858 he became editor of the _zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche theologie_. he died on the 12th of january 1907. his works include: _die elementarischen recognitionen und homilien_ (1848); _die evangelien und die briefe des johannes nach ihrem lehrbegriff_ (1849); _das markusevangelium_ (1850); _die evangelien nach ihrer entstehung und geschichtlichen bedeutung_ (1854); _das unchristentum_ (1855); _jud. apokalyptik_ (1857); _novum testamentum extra canonem receptum_ (4 parts, 1866; 2nd ed., 1876-1884); _histor.-kritische einleitung in das neue testament_ (1875); _acta apostolorum graece et latine secundum antiquissimos testes_ (1899); the first complete edition of the _shepherd of hermas_ (1887); _ignatii et polycarpi epistolae_ (1902).