HIERAX

hierax, or hieracas, a learned ascetic who flourished about the end of the 3rd century at leontopolis in egypt, where he lived to the age of ninety, supporting himself by calligraphy and devoting his leisure to scientific and literary pursuits, especially to the study of the bible. he was the author of biblical commentaries both in greek and coptic, and is said to have composed many hymns. he became leader of the so-called sect of the hieracites, an ascetic society from which married persons were excluded, and of which one of the leading tenets was that only the celibate could enter the kingdom of heaven. he asserted that the suppression of the sexual impulse was emphatically the new revelation brought by the logos, and appealed to 1 cor. vii., heb. xii. 14, and matt. xix. 12, xxv. 21. hierax may be called the connecting link between origen and the coptic monks. a man of deep learning and prodigious memory, he seems to have developed origen's christology in the direction of athanasius. he held that the son was a torch lighted at the torch of the father, that father and son are a bipartite light. he repudiated the ideas of a bodily resurrection and a material paradise, and on the ground of 2 tim. ii. 5 questioned the salvation of even baptized infants, "for without knowledge no conflict, without conflict no reward." in his insistence on virginity as the specifically christian virtue he set up the great theme of the church of the 4th and 5th centuries. hiero (strictly hieron), the name of two rulers of syracuse. hiero i. was the brother of gelo, and tyrant of syracuse from 478 to 467/6 b.c. during his reign he greatly increased the power of syracuse. he removed the inhabitants of naxos and catana to leontini, peopled catana (which he renamed aetna) with dorians, concluded an alliance with acragas (agrigentum), and espoused the cause of the locrians against anaxilaus, tyrant of rhegium. his most important achievement was the defeat of the etruscans at cumae (474), by which he saved the greeks of campania. a bronze helmet (now in the british museum), with an inscription commemorating the event, was dedicated at olympia. though despotic in his rule hiero was a liberal patron of literature. he died at catana in 467. see diod. sic. xi. 38-67; xenophon, _hiero_, 6. 2; e. lubbert, _syrakus zur zeit des gelon und hieron_ (1875); for his coins see numismatics (section _sicily_).