HALEVY

halevy, jacques francois fromental elie (1799-1862), french composer, was born on the 27th of may 1799, at paris, of a jewish family. he studied at the paris conservatoire under berton and cherubini, and in 1819 gained the grand prix de rome with his cantata _herminie_. in accordance with the conditions of his scholarship he started for rome, where he devoted himself to the study of italian music, and wrote an opera and various minor works. in 1827 his opera _l'artisan_ was performed at the theatre feydeau in paris, apparently without much success. other works of minor importance, and now forgotten, followed, amongst which _manon lescaut_, a ballet, produced in 1830, deserves mention. in 1834 the opera-comique produced _ludovic_, the score of which had been begun by herold and had been completed by halevy. in 1835 halevy composed the tragic opera _la juive_ and the comic opera _l'eclair_, and on these works his fame is mainly founded. the famous air of eleazar and the anathema of the cardinal in _la juive_ soon became popular all over france. _l'eclair_ is a curiosity of musical literature. it is written for two tenors and two soprani, without a chorus, and displays the composer's mastery over the most refined effects of instrumentation and vocalization in a favourable light. after these two works he wrote numerous operas of various genres, amongst which only _la reine de chypre_, a spectacular piece analyzed by wagner in one of his paris letters (1841), and _la tempesta_, in three acts, written for her majesty's theatre, london (1850), need be mentioned. in addition to his productive work halevy also rendered valuable services as a teacher. he was professor at the conservatoire from 1827 till his death--some of the most successful amongst the younger composers in france, such as gounod, victor masse and georges bizet, the author of _carmen_, being amongst his pupils. he was _maestro al cembalo_ at the theatre italien from 1827 to 1829; then director of singing at the opera house in paris until 1845, and in 1836 he succeeded reicha at the institut de france. halevy also tried his hand at literature. in 1857 he became permanent secretary to the academie des beaux arts, and there exists an agreeable volume of _souvenirs et portraits_ from his pen. he died at nice, on the 17th of march 1862.