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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:haifa:c91ff8c2fd32",
    "title": "HAIFA",
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    "verified_text": "haifa, a town of palestine at the foot of mt. carmel, on the south of the bay of acre. it represents the classical sycaminum, but the present town is entirely modern. it has developed since about 1890 into an important port, and is connected by railway with damascus. the population is estimated at 12,000 (moslems 6000, christians 4000, jews 1500, germans 500; the last belong for the greater part to the unitarian sect of the \"templars,\" who have colonies also at jaffa and jerusalem). the exports (grain and oil) were valued at l178,738 in 1900. much of the trade that formerly went to acre has been attracted to haifa. this port is the best natural harbour on the palestine coast. haik (an arabic word, from _hak_, to weave), a piece of cloth, usually of coarse hand-woven wool, worn by arabs, moors and other mahommedan peoples. it is generally 6 to 6-1/2 yds. long, and about 2 broad. it is either striped or plain, and is worn equally by both sexes, usually as an outer covering; but it is often the only garment of the poorer classes. by women the \"haik\" is arranged to cover the head and, in the presence of men, is held so as to conceal the face. a thin \"haik\" of silk, like a veil, is used by brides at their marriage. hail (o. eng. _haegl_ and _hagol_,[1] cf. the cognate teutonic _hagel_, as in german, dutch, swedish, &c.; the gr. [greek: kachlex], pebble, is probably allied), the name for rounded masses or single pellets of ice falling from the clouds in a shower. true hail has a concentric structure caused by the frozen particles of moisture first descending into a warm cloud, whence they are carried upwards on an ascending current of heated air into a cold stratum where the fresh coating of water vapour deposited in the cloud is frozen. the hailstone descends again, receives a fresh coating, is carried up once more, refrozen, and again descends. thus the hailstone grows until the current is no longer strong enough to support it when it falls to the ground. at times masses of hail are frozen together, and a very sudden cooling will sometimes result in the formation of ragged masses of ice that fall with disastrous results. hail must be distinguished from the frozen snow, \"soft-hail\" or \"graupel,\" that often falls at the rear of a spring cyclone, since true hail is almost entirely a summer phenomenon, and falls most frequently in thunderstorms which are produced under the conditions that are favourable to the formation of hail, i.e. great heat, a still atmosphere, the production of strong local convection currents in consequence, and the passage of a cold upper drift. footnote: [1] \"hail,\" a call of greeting or salutation, a shout to attract attention, must, of course, be distinguished. this word represents the old norwegian _heill_, prosperity, cognate with o. eng. _hal_, whence \"hale,\" \"whole,\" and _hael_, whence \"health,\" \"heal.\"",
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