HACHETTE

hachette, jean nicolas pierre (1769-1834), french mathematician, was born at mezieres, where his father was a bookseller, on the 6th of may 1769. for his early education he proceeded first to the college of charleville, and afterwards to that of reims. in 1788 he returned to mezieres, where he was attached to the school of engineering as draughtsman to the professors of physics and chemistry. in 1793 he became professor of hydrography at collioure and port-vendre. while there he sent several papers, in which some questions of navigation were treated geometrically, to gaspard monge, at that time minister of marine, through whose influence he obtained an appointment in paris. towards the close of 1794, when the ecole polytechnique was established, he was appointed along with monge over the department of descriptive geometry. there he instructed some of the ablest frenchmen of the day, among them s. d. poisson, f. arago and a. fresnel. accompanying guyton de morveau in his expedition, earlier in the year, he was present at the battle of fleurus, and entered brussels with the french army. in 1816, on the accession of louis xviii., he was expelled from his chair by government. he retained, however, till his death the office of professor in the faculty of sciences in the ecole normale, to which he had been appointed in 1810. the necessary royal assent was in 1823 refused to the election of hachette to the academie des sciences, and it was not till 1831, after the revolution, that he obtained that honour. he died at paris on the 16th of january 1834. hachette was held in high esteem for his private worth, as well as for his scientific attainments and great public services. his labours were chiefly in the field of descriptive geometry, with its application to the arts and mechanical engineering. it was left to him to develop the geometry of monge, and to him also is due in great measure the rapid advancement which france made soon after the establishment of the ecole polytechnique in the construction of machinery. hachette's principal works are his _deux supplements a la geometrie descriptive de monge_ (1811 and 1818); _elements de geometrie a trois dimensions_ (1817); _collection des epures de geometrie_, &c. (1795 and 1817); _applications de geometrie descriptive_ (1817); _traite de geometrie descriptive_, &c. (1822); _traite elementaire des machines_ (1811); _correspondance sur l'ecole polytechnique_ (1804-1815). he also contributed many valuable papers to the leading scientific journals of his time. for a list of hachette's writings see the _catalogue of scientific papers of the royal society of london_; also f. arago, _oeuvres_ (1855); and silvestre, _notice sur j. n. p. hachette_ (bruxelles, 1836).