GUAYMAS

guaymas, or san jose de guaymas, a seaport of mexico, in the state of sonora, on a small bay opening into the gulf of california a few miles w. of the mouth of the yaqui river, in lat. 27 deg. 58' n., long. 110 deg. 58' w. pop. (1900) 8648. the harbour is one of the best on the w. coast of mexico, and the port is a principal outlet for the products of the large state of sonora. the town stands on a small, arid plain, nearly shut in by mountains, and has a very hot, dry climate. it is connected with the railways of the united states by a branch of the southern pacific from benson, arizona, and is 230 m. s. by w. of the frontier town of nogales, where that line enters mexico. the exports include gold, silver, hides and pearls. gubbio (anc. _iguvium_, q.v.; med. _eugubium_), a town and episcopal see of umbria, italy, in the province of perugia, from which it is 23 m. n.n.e. by road; by rail it is 13 m. n.w. of fossato di vico (on the line between foligno and ancona) and 70 m. e.s.e. of arezzo. pop. (1901) 5783 (town); 26,718 (commune). gubbio is situated at the foot and on the steep slopes of monte calvo, from 1568 to 1735 ft. above sea-level, at the entrance to the gorge which ascends to scheggia, probably on the site of the ancient umbrian town. it presents a markedly medieval appearance. the most prominent building is the palazzo dei consoli, on the n. side of the piazza della signoria; it is a huge gothic edifice with a tower, erected in 1332-1346, according to tradition, by matteo di giovanello of gubbio, the name of angelo da orvieto occurs on the arch of the main door, but his work may be limited to the sculptures of this arch. it has two stories above the ground floor, and, being on the slope of the hill, is, like the whole piazza, raised on arched substructures. on the s. side of the piazza is the palazzo pretorio, or della podesta, begun in 1349 and now the municipal palace. it contains the famous _tabulae iguvinae_, and a collection of paintings of the umbrian school, of furniture and of majolica. on the e. side is the modern palazzo ranghiasci-brancaleone, which until 1882 contained fine collections, now dispersed. above the piazza della signoria, at the highest point of the town, is the palazzo ducale, erected by the dukes of urbino in 1474-1480; the architect was, in all probability, lucio da laurana, to whom is due the palace at urbino, which this palace resembles, especially in its fine colonnaded court. the palazzo beni, lower down, belongs to a somewhat earlier period of the 15th century. pope martin v. lodged here for a few days in 1420. the palazzo accoramboni, on the other hand, is a renaissance structure, with a fine entrance arch. here vittoria accoramboni was born in 1557. opposite the palazzo ducale is the cathedral, dedicated to ss. mariano e jacopo, a structure of the 12th century, with a facade, adorned with contemporary sculptures, partly restored in 1514-1550. the interior contains some good pictures by umbrian artists, a fine episcopal throne in carved wood, and a fine flemish cope given by pope marcellus ii. (1555) in the sacristy. the exterior of the gothic church of s. francesco, in the lower part of the town, built in 1259, preserves its original style, but the interior has been modernized; and the same fate has overtaken the gothic churches of s. maria nuova and s. pietro. s. agostino, on the other hand, has its gothic interior better preserved. the whole town is full of specimens of medieval architecture, the pointed arch of the 13th century being especially prevalent. a remarkable procession takes place in gubbio on the 15th of may in each year, in honour of s. ubaldo, when three colossal wooden pedestals, each over 30 ft. high, and crowned by statues of ss. ubaldo, antonio and giorgio, are carried through the town, and then, in a wild race, up to the church of s. ubaldo on the mountain-side (2690 ft.). see h. m. bower, _the elevation and procession of the ceri at gubbio_ (folk-lore society, london, 1897). after its reconstruction with the help of narses (see iguvium) the town remained subject to the exarchs of ravenna, and, after the destruction of the lombard kingdom in 774, formed part of the donation of charlemagne to the pope. in the 11th century the beginnings of its independence may be traced. in the struggles of that time it was generally on the ghibelline side. in 1151 it repelled an attack of several neighbouring cities, and formed from this time a republic governed by consuls. in 1155 it was besieged by the emperor frederick