GUADET

guadet, marguerite elie (1758-1794), french revolutionist, was born at st emilion near bordeaux on the 20th of july 1758. when the revolution broke out he had already gained a reputation as a brilliant advocate at bordeaux. in 1790 he was made administrator of the gironde and in 1791 president of the criminal tribunal. in this year he was elected to the legislative assembly as one of the brilliant group of deputies known subsequently as girondins or girondists. as a supporter of the constitution of 1791 he joined the jacobin club, and here and in the assembly became an eloquent advocate of all the measures directed against real or supposed traitors to the constitution. he bitterly attacked the ministers of louis xvi., and was largely instrumental in forcing the king to accept the girondist ministry of the 15th of march 1792. he was an ardent advocate of the policy of forcing louis xvi. into harmony with the revolution; moved (may 3) for the dismissal of the king's non-juring confessor, for the banishment of all non-juring priests (may 16), for the disbandment of the royal guard (may 30), and the formation in paris of a camp of _federes_ (june 4). he remained a royalist, however, and with gensonne and vergniaud even addressed a letter to the king soliciting a private interview. whatever negotiations may have resulted, however, were cut short by the insurrection of the 10th of august. guadet, who presided over the assembly during part of this fateful day, put himself into vigorous opposition to the insurrectionary commune of paris, and it was on his motion that on the 30th of august the assembly voted its dissolution--a decision reversed on the following day. in september guadet was returned by a large majority as deputy to the convention. at the trial of louis xvi. he voted for an appeal to the people and for the death sentence, but with a respite pending appeal. in march 1793 he had several conferences with danton, who was anxious to bring about a _rapprochement_ between the girondists and the mountain during the war in la vendee, but he unconditionally refused to join hands with the man whom he held responsible for the massacres of september. involved in the fall of the girondists, and his arrest being decreed on the 2nd of june 1793, he fled to caen, and afterwards hid in his father's house at st emilion. he was discovered and taken to bordeaux, where, after his identity had been established, he was guillotined on the 17th of june 1794. see j. guadet, _les girondins_ (paris, 1889); and f. a. aulard, _les orateurs de la legislative et de la convention_ (paris, 2nd ed., 1906). guadiana (anc. _anas_, moorish _wadi ana_), a river of spain and portugal. the guadiana was long believed to rise in the lowland known as the campo de montiel, where a chain of small lakes, the lagunas de ruidera (partly in ciudad real, partly in albacete), are linked together by the guadiana alto or upper guadiana. this stream flows north-westward from the last lake and vanishes underground within 3 m. of the river zancara or giguela. about 22 m. s.w. of the point of disappearance, the guadiana alto was believed to re-emerge in the form of several large springs, which form numerous lakes near the zancara and are known as the "eyes of the guadiana" (_los ojos de guadiana_). the stream which connects them with the zancara is called the guadiana bajo or lower guadiana. it is now known that the guadiana alto has no such course, but flows underground to the zancara itself, which is the true "upper guadiana." the zancara rises near the source of the jucar, in the east of the tableland of la mancha; thence it flows westward, assuming the name of guadiana near ciudad real, and reaching the portuguese frontier 6 m. s.w. of badajoz. in piercing the sierra morena it forms a series of foaming rapids, and only begins to be navigable at mertola, 42 m. from its mouth. from the neighbourhood of badajoz it forms the boundary between spain and portugal as far as a point near monsaraz, where it receives the small river priega munoz on the left, and passes into portuguese territory, with a southerly direction. at pomarao it again becomes a frontier stream and forms a broad estuary 25 m. long. it enters the gulf of cadiz between the portuguese town of villa real de santo antonio and the spanish ayamonte, after a total course of 510 m. its mouth is divided by sandbanks into many channels. the guadiana drains an area of 31,940 sq. m. its principal tributaries are the zujar, jabalon, matachel and ardila from the left; the bullaque, ruecas, botoa, degebe and cobres from the right. the guadiana menor (or _guadianamenor_, i.e. "lesser guadiana") rises in the sierra nevada, receives two large tributaries, the fardes from the right and barbata from the left, and enters the guadalquivir near ubeda, after a course of 95 m.