GRONLUND

gronlund, laurence (1846-1899), american socialist, was born in copenhagen, denmark, on the 13th of july 1846. he graduated from the university of copenhagen in 1865, began the study of law, removed to the united states in 1867, taught german in milwaukee, was admitted to the bar in 1869, and practised in chicago. he became a writer and lecturer on socialism and was closely connected with the work of the socialist labor party from 1874 to 1884, then devoted himself almost exclusively to lecturing until his appointment to a post in the bureau of labour statistics. he again returned to the lecture field, and was an editorial writer for the new york and chicago _american_ from 1898 until his death in new york city on the 15th of october 1899. his principal works are: _the coming revolution_ (1880); _the co-operative commonwealth in its outlines, an exposition of modern socialism_ (1884); _ca ira, or danton in the french revolution_ (1888), a rehabilitation of danton; _our destiny, the influence of socialism on morals and religion_ (1890); and _the new economy_ (1898). gronovius (the latinized form of gronov), johann friedrich (1611-1671), german classical scholar and critic, was born at hamburg on the 8th of september 1611. having studied at several universities, he travelled in england, france and italy. in 1643 he was appointed professor of rhetoric and history at deventer, and in 1658 to the greek chair at leiden, where he died on the 28th of december 1671. (see also fabretti, raphael.) besides editing, with notes, statius, plautus, livy, tacitus, aulus gellius and seneca's tragedies, gronovius was the author, amongst numerous other works, of _commentarius de sestertiis_ (1643) and of an edition of hugo grotius' de jure belli et pacis (1660). his _observationes_ contain a number of brilliant emendations. his son, jakob gronovius (1645-1716), is chiefly known as the editor of the _thesaurus antiquitatum graecarum_ (1697-1702, in 13 volumes). see j. e. sandys, _hist. of class. schol._ ii. (1908); f. a. eckstein in ersch and gruber's _allgemeine encyklopadie_.