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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:gray:5b066111e40f",
    "title": "GRAY",
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    "verified_text": "gray, a town of eastern france, capital of an arrondissement in the department of haute-saone, situated on the declivity of a hill on the left bank of the saone, 36 m. s.w. of vesoul by the eastern railway. pop. (1906) 5742. the streets of the town are narrow and steep, but it possesses broad and beautiful quays and has a busy port. three bridges, one dating from the 18th century, unite it to suburbs on the right bank of the river, on which is the railway-station from which lines branch off to auxonne, dijon, besancon and culmont-chalindrey. the principal buildings are the gothic church, restored in the style of the renaissance but with a modern portal, and the hotel de ville, built by the spaniards in 1568. the latter building has a handsome facade decorated with columns of red granite. gray is the seat of a subprefect and has tribunals of first instance and of commerce, a chamber of commerce, a communal college and a small museum. it has large flour-mills; among the other industries is the manufacture of machinery and iron goods. there is also a considerable transit traffic in goods from the south of france and the colonies, and trade in iron, corn, provisions, vegetables, wine, wood, &c., much of which is carried by river. gray was founded in the 7th century. its fortifications were destroyed by louis xiv. during the franco-german war general von werder concentrated his army corps in the town and held it for a month, making it the _point d'appui_ of movements towards dijon and langres, as well as towards besancon. gray gave its name to the distinguished english family of de gray, gray or grey, anschitel de gray being mentioned as an oxfordshire tenant in domesday. grayling (_thymallus_), fishes belonging to the family _salmonidae_. the best known are the \"poisson bleu\" of the canadian voyageurs, and the european species, _thymallus vulgaris_ (the _asch_ or _asche_ of germany, _ombre_ of france, and _temola_ of upper italy). this latter species is esteemed on account of its agreeable colours (especially of the dorsal fin), its well-flavoured flesh, and the sport it affords to anglers. the grayling differ from the genus _salmo_ in the smaller mouth with comparatively feeble dentition, in the larger scales, and especially in the much greater development of the dorsal fin, which contains 20 to 24 rays. these beautiful fishes, of which five or six species are known, inhabit the fresh waters of europe, siberia and the northern parts of north america. the european species, _t. vulgaris_ or _vexillifer_, attains, though rarely, a length of 2 ft. the colours during life are remarkably changeable and iridescent; small dark spots are sometimes present on the body; the very high dorsal fin is beautifully marked with purplish bands and ocelli. in england and scotland the grayling appears to have had originally a rather irregular distribution, but it has now been introduced into a great number of rivers; it is not found in ireland. it is more generally distributed in scandinavia and russia, and the mountain streams of central europe southwards to the alpine water of upper italy. specimens attaining to a weight of 4 lb. are very scarce.",
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