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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:grampound:1a94316a9d25",
    "title": "GRAMPOUND",
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    "verified_text": "grampound, a small market town in the mid-parliamentary division of cornwall, england, 9 m. e.n.e. of truro, and 2 m. from its station (grampound road) on the great western railway. it is situated on the river fal, and has some industry in tanning. it retains an ancient town hall; there is a good market cross; and in the neighbourhood, along the fal, are several early earthworks. grampound (ponsmure, graundpont, grauntpount, graundpond) and the hundred, manor and vill of tibeste were formerly so closely associated that in 1400 the former is found styled the vill of grauntpond called tibeste. at the time of the domesday survey tibeste was amongst the most valuable of the manors granted to the count of mortain. the burgensic character of ponsmure first appears in 1299. thirty-five years later john of eltham granted to the burgesses the whole town of grauntpount. this grant was confirmed in 1378 when its extent and jurisdiction were defined. it was provided that the hundred court of powdershire should always be held there and two fairs at the feasts of st peter in cathedra and st barnabas, both of which are still held, and a tuesday market (now held on friday) and that it should be a free borough rendering a yearly rent to the earl of cornwall. two members were summoned to parliament by edward vi. in 1553. the electors consisted of an indefinite number of freemen, about 50 in all, indirectly nominated by the mayor and corporation, which existed by prescription. the venality of the electors became notorious. in 1780 l3000 was paid for a seat: in 1812 each supporter of one of the candidates received l100. the defeat of this candidate in 1818 led to a parliamentary inquiry which disclosed a system of wholesale corruption, and in 1821 the borough was disfranchised. a former woollen trade is extinct. grampus (_orca gladiator_, or _orca orca_), a cetacean belonging to the _delphinidae_ or dolphin family, characterized by its rounded head without distinct beak, high dorsal fin and large conical teeth. the upper parts are nearly uniform glossy black, and the under parts white, with a strip of the same colour over each eye. the o. fr. word was _grapois_, _graspeis_ or _craspeis_, from med. lat. _crassus piscis_, fat fish. this was adapted into english as _grapeys_, _graspeys_, &c., and in the 16th century becomes _grannie pose_ as if from _grand poisson_. the final corruption to \"grampus\" appears in the 18th century and was probably nautical in origin. the animal is also known as the \"killer,\" in allusion to its ferocity in attacking its prey, which consists largely of seals, porpoises and the smaller dolphins. its fierceness is only equalled by its voracity, which is such that in a specimen measuring 21 ft. in length, the remains of thirteen seals and thirteen porpoises were found, in a more or less digested state, while the animal appeared to have been choked in the endeavour to swallow another seal, the skin of which was found entangled in its teeth. these cetaceans sometimes hunt in packs or schools, and commit great havoc among the belugas or white whales, which occasionally throw themselves ashore to escape their persecutors. the grampus is an inhabitant of northern seas, occurring on the shores of greenland, and having been caught, although rarely, as far south as the mediterranean. there are numerous instances of its capture on the british coasts. (see cetacea.)",
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