GORAL

goral, serow, rocky mountain goat and takin). _extinct antelopes._--only a few lines can be devoted to extinct antelopes, the earliest of which apparently date from the european miocene. an antelope from the lower pliocene of northern india known as _bubalis_, or _damaliscus, palaeindicus_ indicates the occurrence of the hartebeest group in that country. _cobus_ also occurs in the same formation, as does likewise _hippotragus_. _palaeoryx_ from the corresponding horizon in greece and samos is to some extent intermediate between _hippotragus_ and _oryx_. gazelles are common in the miocene and pliocene of both europe and asia. elands and kudus appear to have been represented in india during the pliocene; the european _palaeoreas_ of the same age seems to be intermediate between the two, while _protragelaphus_ is evidently another european representative of the group. _helicophora_ is another spiral-horned european pliocene antelope, but of somewhat doubtful affinity; the same being the case with the large _criotherium_ of the samos pliocene, in which the short horns are curiously twisted. as already stated, there is a possibility of this latter ruminant being allied both to the takin and the musk-ox. _palaeotragus_ and _tragoceros_, of the lower pliocene of greece, at one time regarded as antelopes, are now known to be ancestors of the okapi. for antelopes in general, see p.l. sclater and o. thomas, _the book of antelopes_ (4 vols., london, 1894-1900). (r. l.*) antemnae (lat. _ante amnem_, sc. _anienem_; varro, _ling. lat_. v. 28), an ancient village of latium, situated on the w. of the via salaria, 2 m. n. of rome, where the anio falls into the tiber. it is said to have been conquered by romulus after the rape of the sabine women, and to have assisted the tarquins. certainly it soon lost its independence, and in strabo's time was a mere village. the site is one of great strength, and is now occupied by a fort, in the construction of which traces of the outer walls and of huts, and several wells and a cistern, all belonging to the primitive village, were discovered, and also the remains of a villa of the end of the republic. see t. ashby in _papers of the british school at rome_, iii. 14.