GOLDING

golding, arthur (c. 1536-c. 1605), english translator, son of john golding of belchamp st paul and halsted, essex, one of the auditors of the exchequer, was born probably in london about 1536. his half-sister, margaret, married john de vere, 16th earl of oxford. in 1549 he was already in the service of protector somerset, and the statement that he was educated at queen's college, cambridge, lacks corroboration. he seems to have resided for some time in the house of sir william cecil, in the strand, with his nephew, the poet, the 17th earl of oxford, whose receiver he was, for two of his dedications are dated from cecil house. his chief work is his translation of ovid. _the fyrst fower bookes of p. ovidius nasos worke, entitled metamorphosis, translated oute of latin into englishe meter_ (1565), was supplemented in 1567 by a translation of the fifteen books. strangely enough the translator of ovid was a man of strong puritan sympathies, and he translated many of the works of calvin. to his version of the _metamorphoses_ he prefixed a long metrical explanation of his reasons for considering it a work of edification. he sets forth the moral which he supposes to underlie certain of the stories, and shows how the pagan machinery may be brought into line with christian thought. it was from golding's pages that many of the elizabethans drew their knowledge of classical mythology, and there is little doubt that shakespeare was well acquainted with the book. golding translated also the _commentaries_ of caesar (1565), calvin's commentaries on the psalms (1571), his sermons on the galatians and ephesians, on deuteronomy and the book of job, theodore beza's _tragedie of abrahams sacrifice_ (1577) and the _de beneficiis_ of seneca (1578). he completed a translation begun by sidney from philippe de mornay, _a worke concerning the trewnesse of the christian religion_ (1604). his only original work is a prose _discourse_ on the earthquake of 1580, in which he saw a judgment of god on the wickedness of his time. he inherited three considerable estates in essex, the greater part of which he sold in 1595. the last trace we have of golding is contained in an order dated the 25th of july 1605, giving him licence to print certain of his works. goldingen (lettish, _kuldiga_), a town of russia, in the government of courland, 55 m. by rail n.e. of libau, and on windau river, in 56 deg. 58' n. and 22 deg. e. pop. (1897) 9733. it has woollen mills, needle and match factories, breweries and distilleries, a college for teachers, and ruins of a castle of the teutonic knights, built in 1248 and used in the 17th century as the residence of the dukes of courland.