GLAZUNOV

glazunov, alexander constantinovich (1865- ), russian musical composer, was born in st petersburg on the 10th of august 1865, his father being a publisher and bookseller. he showed an early talent for music, and studied for a year or so with rimsky-korsakov. at the age of sixteen he composed a symphony (afterwards elaborated and published as _op._ 5), but his _opus_ 1 was a quartet in d, followed by a pianoforte suite on _s-a-c-h-a_, the diminutive of his name alexander. in 1884 he was taken up by liszt, and soon became known as a composer. his first symphony was played that year at weimar, and he appeared as a conductor at the paris exhibition in 1889. in 1897 his fourth and fifth symphonies were performed in london under his own conducting. in 1900 he became professor at the st petersburg conservatoire. his separate works, including orchestral symphonies, dance music and songs, make a long list. glazunov is a leading representative of the modern russian school, and a master of orchestration; his tendency as compared with contemporary russian composers is towards classical form, and he was much influenced by brahms, though in "programme music" he is represented by such works as his symphonic poems _the forest_, _stenka razin_, _the kremlin_ and his suite _aus dem mittelalter_. his ballet music, as in _raymonda_, achieved much popularity. glebe (lat. _glaeba_, _gleba_, clod or lump of earth, hence soil, land), in ecclesiastical law the land devoted to the maintenance of the incumbent of a church. burn (_ecclesiastical law, s.v._ "glebe lands") says: "every church of common right is entitled to house and glebe, and the assigning of them at the first was of such absolute necessity that without them no church could be regularly consecrated. the house and glebe are both comprehended under the word _manse_, of which the rule of the canon law is, _sancitum est ut unicuique ecclesiae unus mansus integer absque ullo servitio tribuatur_." in the technical language of english law the fee-simple of the glebe is said to be in _abeyance_, that is, it exists "only in the remembrance, expectation and intendment of the law." but the freehold is in the parson, although at common law he could alienate the same only with proper consent,--that is, in his case, with the consent of the bishop. the disabling statutes of elizabeth (alienation by bishops, 1559, and dilapidations, &c., 1571) made void all alienations by ecclesiastical persons, except leases for the term of twenty-one years or three lives. by an act of 1842 (5 & 6 vict. c. 27, ecclesiastical leases) glebe land and buildings may be let on lease for farming purposes for fourteen years or on an improving lease for twenty years. but the parsonage house and ten acres of glebe situate most conveniently for occupation must not be leased. by the ecclesiastical leasing acts of 1842 (5 & 6 vict. c. 108) and 1858 glebe lands may be let on building leases for not more than ninety-nine years and on mining leases for not more than sixty years. the tithe act 1842, the glebe lands act 1888 and various other acts make provision for the sale, purchase, exchange and gift of glebe lands. in scots ecclesiastical law, the manse now signifies the minister's dwelling-house, the glebe being the land to which he is entitled in addition to his stipend. all parish ministers appear to be entitled to a glebe, except the ministers in royal burghs proper, who cannot claim a glebe unless there be a landowner's district annexed; and even in that case, when there are two ministers, it is only the first who has a claim. see phillimore, _ecclesiastical law_ (2nd ed.); cripps, _law of church and clergy_; leach, _tithe acts_ (6th ed.); dart, _vendors and purchasers_ (7th ed.).