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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "chunk_id": "1911:georgia:4cf899ce58a9",
    "title": "GEORGIA",
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    "verified_text": "georgia, a former kingdom of transcaucasia, which existed historically for more than 2000 years. its earliest name was karthli or karthveli; the persians knew it as gurjistan, the romans and greeks as iberia, though the latter placed colchis also in the west of georgia. vrastan is the armenian name and gruzia the russian. georgia proper, which included karthli and kakhetia, was bounded on the n. by ossetia and daghestan, on the s. by the principalities of erivan and kars, and on the w. by guria and imeretia; but the kingdom also included at different times guria, mingrelia, abkhasia, imeretia and daghestan, and extended from the caucasus range on the n. to the aras or araxes on the s. it is now divided between the russian governments of tiflis and kutais, under which headings further geographical particulars are given. (see also caucasia.) _history._--according to traditional accounts, the georgian (karthlian), kakhetian, lesghian, mingrelian and other races of transcaucasia are the descendants of thargamos, great-grandson of japheth, son of noah, though gen. x. 3 makes togarmah to be the son of gomer, who was the son of japheth. these various races were subsequently known under the general name of thargamosides. karthlos, the second son of thargamos, is the eponymous king of his race, their country being called karthli after him. mtskhethos, son of karthlos, founded the city of mtskhetha (the modern mtskhet) and made it the capital of his kingdom. we come, however, to firmer historic ground when we read that georgia was conquered by alexander the great, or rather by one of his generals. the macedonian yoke was shaken off by pharnavaz or pharnabazus, a prince of the royal race, who ruled from 302 to 237 b.c. all through its history georgia, being on the outskirts of armenia and persia, both of them more powerful neighbours than itself, was at times more or less closely affected by their destinies. in this way it was sometimes opposed to rome, sometimes on terms of friendship with byzantium, according as these were successively friendly or hostile to the armenians and the persians. in the end of the 2nd century b.c. the last pharnavazian prince was dethroned by his own subjects and the crown given to arsaces, king of armenia, whose son arshag, ascending the throne of georgia in 93",
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