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    "source_title": "Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911)",
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    "title": "GENOVESI",
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    "verified_text": "genovesi, antonio (1712-1769), italian writer on philosophy and political economy, was born at castiglione, near salerno, on the 1st of november 1712. he was educated for the church, and, after some hesitation, took orders in 1736 at salerno, where he was appointed professor of eloquence at the theological seminary. during this period of his life he began the study of philosophy, being especially attracted by locke. dissatisfied with ecclesiastical life, genovesi resigned his post, and qualified as an advocate at rome. finding law as distasteful as theology, he devoted himself entirely to philosophy, of which he was appointed extraordinary professor in the university of naples. his first works were _elementa metaphysicae_ (1743 et seq.) and _logica_ (1745). the former is divided into four parts, ontosophy, cosmosophy, theosophy, psychosophy, supplemented by a treatise on ethics and a dissertation on first causes. the _logic_, an eminently practical work, written from the point of view of locke, is in five parts, dealing with (1) the nature of the human mind, its faculties and operations; (2) ideas and their kinds; (3) the true and the false, and the various degrees of knowledge; (4) reasoning and argumentation; (5) method and the ordering of our thoughts. if genovesi does not take a high rank in philosophy, he deserves the credit of having introduced the new order of ideas into italy, at the same time preserving a just mean between the two extremes of sensualism and idealism. although bitterly opposed by the partisans of scholastic routine, genovesi found influential patrons, amongst them bartolomeo intieri, a florentine, who in 1754 founded the first italian or european chair of political economy (commerce and mechanics), on condition that genovesi should be the first professor, and that it should never be held by an ecclesiastic. the fruit of genovesi's professorial labours was the _lezioni di commercio_, the first complete and systematic work in italian on economics. on the whole he belongs to the \"mercantile\" school, though he does not regard money as the only form of wealth. specially noteworthy in the _lezioni_ are the sections on human wants as the foundation of economical theory, on labour as the source of wealth, on personal services as economic factors, and on the united working of the great industrial functions. he advocated freedom of the corn trade, reduction of the number of religious communities, and deprecated regulation of the interest on loans. in the spirit of his age he denounced the relics of medieval institutions, such as entails and tenures in mortmain. gioja's more important treatise owes much to genovesi's lectures. genovesi died on the 22nd of september 1769. see c. ugoni, _della letteratura italiana nella seconda meta del secolo xviii_ (1820-1822); a. fabroni, _vitae italorum doctrina excellentium_ (1778-1799); r. bobba, _commemorazione di a. genovesi_ (benevento, 1867). gensonne, armand (1758-1793), french politician, the son of a military surgeon, was born at bordeaux on the 10th of august 1758. he studied law, and at the outbreak of the revolution was an advocate of the parlement of bordeaux. in 1790 he became _procureur_ of the commune, and in july 1791 was elected by the newly created department of the gironde a member of the court of appeal. in the same year he was elected deputy for the department to the legislative assembly. as reporter of the diplomatic committee, in which he supported the policy of brissot, he proposed two of the most revolutionary measures passed by the assembly: the decree of accusation against the king's brothers (january 1, 1792), and the declaration of war against the king of bohemia and hungary (april 20, 1792). he was vigorous in his denunciations of the intrigues of the court and of the \"austrian committee\"; but the violence of the extreme democrats, culminating in the events of the 10th of august, alarmed him; and when he was returned to the national convention, he attacked the commune of paris (october 24 and 25). at the trial of louis xvi. he supported an appeal to the people, but voted for the death sentence. as a member of the committee of general defence, and as president of the convention (march 7-21, 1793), he shared in the bitter attacks of the girondists on the mountain; and on the fatal day of the 2nd of june his name was among the first of those inscribed on the prosecution list. he was tried by the revolutionary tribunal on the 24th of october 1793, condemned to death and guillotined on the 31st of the month, displaying on the scaffold a stoic fortitude. gensonne was accounted one of the most brilliant of the little band of brilliant orators from the gironde, though his eloquence was somewhat cold and he always read his speeches.",
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