FREIND

freind, john (1675-1728), english physician, younger brother of robert freind (1667-1751), headmaster of westminster school, was born in 1675 at croton in northamptonshire. he made great progress in classical knowledge under richard busby at westminster, and at christ church, oxford, under dean aldrich, and while still very young, produced, along with peter foulkes, an excellent edition of the speeches of aeschines and demosthenes on the affair of ctesiphon. after this he began the study of medicine, and having proved his scientific attainments by various treatises was appointed a lecturer on chemistry at oxford in 1704. in the following year he accompanied the english army, under the earl of peterborough, into spain, and on returning home in 1707, wrote an account of the expedition, which attained great popularity. two years later he published his _prelectiones chimicae_, which he dedicated to sir isaac newton. shortly after his return in 1713 from flanders, whither he had accompanied the british troops, he took up his residence in london, where he soon obtained a great reputation as a physician. in 1716 he became fellow of the college of physicians, of which he was chosen one of the censors in 1718, and harveian orator in 1720. in 1722 he entered parliament as member for launceston in cornwall, but, being suspected of favouring the cause of the exiled stuarts, he spent half of that year in the tower. during his imprisonment he conceived the plan of his most important work, _the history of physic_, of which the first part appeared in 1725, and the second in the following year. in the latter year he was appointed physician to queen caroline, an office which he held till his death on the 26th of july 1728. a complete edition of his latin works, with a latin translation of the _history of physic_, edited by dr john wigan, was published in london in 1732. freinsheim [freinshemius], johann (1608-1660), german classical scholar and critic, was born at ulm on the 16th of november 1608. after studying at the universities of marburg, giessen and strassburg, he visited france, where he remained for three years. he returned to strassburg in 1637, and in 1642 was appointed professor of eloquence at upsala. in 1647 he was summoned by queen christina to stockholm as court librarian and historiographer. in 1650 he resumed his professorship at upsala, but early in the following year he was obliged to resign on account of ill-health. in 1656 he became honorary professor at heidelberg, and died on the 31st of august 1660. freinsheim's literary activity was chiefly devoted to the roman historians. he first introduced the division into chapters and paragraphs, and by means of carefully compiled indexes illustrated the lexical peculiarities of each author. he is best known for his famous supplements to quintus curtius and livy, containing the missing books written by himself. he also published critical editions of curtius and florus.