FOSSOMBRONI

fossombroni, vittorio, count (1754-1844), tuscan statesman and mathematician, was born at arezzo. he was educated at the university of pisa, where he devoted himself particularly to mathematics. he obtained an official appointment in tuscany in 1782, and twelve years later was entrusted by the grand duke with the direction of the works for the drainage of the val di chiana, on which subject he had published a treatise in 1789. in 1796 he was made minister for foreign affairs, but on the french occupation of tuscany in 1799 he fled to sicily. on the erection of the grand duchy into the ephemeral kingdom of etruria, under the queen-regent maria louisa, he was appointed president of the commission of finance. in 1809 he went to paris as one of the senators for tuscany to pay homage to napoleon. he was made president of the legislative commission on the restoration of the grand duke ferdinand iii. in 1814, and subsequently prime minister, which position he retained under the grand duke leopold ii. his administration, which was only terminated by his death, greatly contributed to promote the well-being of the country. he was the real master of tuscany, and the bases of his rule were equality of all subjects before the law, honesty in the administration of justice and toleration of opinion, but he totally neglected the moral improvement of the people. at the age of seventy-eight he married, and twelve years afterwards died, in 1844. bibliography.--gino capponi, _il conte v. fossombroni_, a. von reumont, _geschichte toscanas unter dem hause lothringen-habsburg_ (gotha, 1877); zobi, _storia civile delta toscana_ (florence, 1850-1853); galeotti, _delle leggi e dell' amministrazione della toscana_ (florence, 1847); baldasseroni, _leopoldo ii_. (florence, 1871); see also under capponi, gino; ferdinand iii., of tuscany, and leopold ii., of tuscany. (l. v.*)